| 释义 |
cultural, a.|ˈkʌltjʊərəl|
[f. L. cultūra tillage, culture + -al1. So in mod.F.]
1. Relating to the culture of plants, or of fish, etc.
1868J. Scott (title), The orchardist, or a cultural and descriptive catalogue of fruit trees. 1883Pall Mall G. 2 June Supp., Fish Cultural Apparatus in operation.
2. Relating to culture of the mind, manners, etc.
1875Whitney Life Lang. 307 A mere incident of social life and of cultural growth. 1890Jrnl. Education 1 Nov. 631/2 Nobody denies..the cultural value of Greek and Roman history.
3. Relating to civilization, esp. that of a particular country at a particular period; cultural anthropology, the branch of anthropology that is predominantly concerned with the cultural, as opposed to the physical, aspects of the evolution of man; cultural attaché, an embassy official whose function is to promote cultural relations between his country and the country in which he is staying; cultural diplomacy, the furthering of international relations by cultural exchange; the act of publicizing and exhibiting examples of one's national culture abroad; cultural revolution, a cultural and social movement in Communist China, begun in 1965, which sought to combat ‘revisionism’ and restore the original purity of Maoist doctrine; also transf.
1875W. D. Whitney Life Lang. 172 All these widely-sundered tribes of men, found at the dawn of history in every variety of cultural condition. 1884Science IV. 21/2 In its cultural development, China stands wholly for itself. 1898Daily News 30 Aug. 5/1 The gigantic cultural problems awaiting solution in the Russian Empire. 1909Westm. Gaz. 22 Apr. 5/2 The Professor [Doerpsfeld] says the excavations reveal several distinct cultural deposits. 1909A. H. Keane Central & S. Amer. (ed. 2) I. 48 The southern extremity of the cultural zone. 1921E. Sapir Language x. 221 How do the peoples of the given area divide themselves as cultural beings? what are the outstanding ‘cultural areas’? 1923A. L. Kroeber Anthropol. 6 Here..is the cause of the seeming preoccupation of social or cultural anthropology with ancient and savage and exotic and extinct peoples. 1934H. C. Warren Dict. Psychol. 66/1 Cultural lag, slowness in adapting institutions or cultural habits to new or changing conditions or situations; the condition which ensues when certain elements of culture change more slowly than other elements. 1937Times 31 Aug. 11/2 There is a proposal..that three ‘cultural attachés’ should be appointed to the more important embassies and consulates in foreign countries. 1938R. G. Collingwood Princ. Art. xi. 242 The groupings recognized by physical anthropology do not coincide with those of cultural anthropology. 1939V. G. Childe Dawn Europ. Civ. (ed. 3) vii. 92 Though the temporary nature of the settlements excludes..stratigraphical chronology, the cultural sequence is well established. 1959R. H. Thayer in U.S. Dept. of State Bull. 31 Aug. 310/2 Today we have, in the forefront of the implementation of our foreign policy, ‘cultural diplomacy’, to my mind the most important means of bringing complete mutual understanding between peoples. 1966Economist 20 Aug. 709/1 Lin Piao..has loyally used the army as a guinea-pig for the ‘cultural revolution’ dose of salts with which Mao is now purging the whole country. 1967Guardian 16 May 1/3 Chinese leadership..has certainly been prepared to accept serious economic and political losses..for the sake of the ‘cultural revolution’. 1967Economist 21 Oct. 274/1 They support Syria's ‘cultural revolution’ (the regime has just taken over control of its mainly religious private schools). 1968Africa Today XV. 8 (title) Cultural diplomacy in African writing. 1970E. McGirr Death pays Wages ii. 43 He got the Cultural Attaché to translate that for him. 1986Financial Times 3 Mar. 20/5 The Council states frankly: ‘The challenge begins at home in trying to win recognition for the relevance of cultural diplomacy to Britain's influence and prosperity.’
4. Biol. Relating to the culture of micro-organisms, tissues, etc. (see culture n. 3 c).
1900Jrnl. Exper. Med. V. 259 The bacillus recovered by us from our several autopsies always showed the same cultural characters. 1969S. T. Lyles Biol. Microorganisms v. 103 Cultural methods will depend both on the organism studied and the purpose for which the study is made. |