| 释义 |
culverin|ˈkʌlvərɪn|
Also 6 coulvering, culuerene, -rijn, 6–7 culvering, 7 colverin, 6–9 culverine.
[a. F. coulevrine (c 1400 in Hatzfeld) = It. and med.L. colubrina, f. F. couleuvre, It. colubro snake: cf. L. colubrīnus of the nature of a snake. Names of reptiles were frequently applied to early cannon.]
1. The name of a gun and cannon formerly in use:
a. orig. A small fire-arm, a kind of hand-gun.
b. In later times, a large cannon, very long in proportion to its bore.
The length of the ordinary culverin ranged from 10 to 13 ft., the diameter of its bore from 5 to 5½ inches, and the weight of shot from 17 to 20 lbs. bastard culverin, bore 4 in., shot about 7 lbs.; demi-culverin or culverin-moyen, bore 4½ in., shot about 10 lbs.: see demi-culverin.
a. [1466Inv. Fastolf's Goods in Paston Lett. No. 979 III. 441 In artilleria, videlicet Colubrinas librillas diversorum magnitudinum.] 1489Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl. I. 122 To Qwariour..to pass to Stirling, to get Culuerinis to bring to the felde. a1572Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 221 A certane French man delivred a coulvering to George Tod, Scottisman, to be stocked. 1821Scott Kenilw. xv, He found the gate of Say's Court defended by men with culverins. 1864Kirk Chas. Bold I. ii. ii. 491 Armed with..Culverins—a name then applied not, as at a later period, to a species of cannon, but to a rude kind of musket. 1874Boutell Arms & Arm. xi. 219.
b.1515in Pitcairn Crim. Trials Scot. I. 260* Twa culuering-myance, gun-stanis, gun-powdir, and certane hacbuschis. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 41 Gunnaris..mak reddy ȝour cannons, culuerene moyens, culuerene bastardis..culverenis, and hail schot. 1622R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea (1847) 214 The saker, the demy-colverin, the colverin, and demi-cannon (being peeces that reach much further point blanke then the cannon). 1687Congreve Old Bach. ii. ii, O I am calm, Sir; calm as a discharged culverin. 1750Carte Hist. Eng. II. 714 Wounded in the ancle by a shot from a culverine. 1843H. Ainsworth Tower of London (1864) 58 He..crouched beneath the carriage of a culverin.
c. fig.
1619Fletcher M. Thomas ii. ii, Do you make me carrier Of your confound-mee's, and your culverings [volleys of oaths]?
2. attrib. and Comb., as culverin-bore, culverin-shot, etc.
1590Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons 12 The Enemies..will descharge Cannon, Culverin and Saker shot. 1634–5Brereton Trav. (1844) 165 Six iron demiculverin drakes, four whole culverin drakes. 1640Yorke Union Hon. 64 They lay within Culvering Shot. 1667Sir R. Moray in Phil. Trans. II. 475 A Gun to be prepared of Culverin-Bore. |