| 释义 |
▪ I. spreading, vbl. n.|ˈsprɛdɪŋ|
[f. spread v.]
1. The action of the verb in various senses:
a. In transitive uses.
a1000Rituale Eccl. Dunelm. (Surtees) 109 Sprædvng [L. propagationem] mennisces cynnes. a1240Ureisun in O.E. Hom. I. 185 Wiþ þe ilke spredunge [of the arms]..as þe moder to hire child. c1440Promp. Parv. 470 Spredynge, dilatacio, extencio. c1465Pol., Rel., & L. Poems (1903) 3 Þe egile..Thorowe þe spredinge of his wengis þat neuer begane to flee. 1508Dunbar Flyting 206 Oft for ane causs thy burdclaith neidis no spredding. 1560Bible (Geneva) Ezek. xxvi. 5 Thou shalt be for the spreading of nettes in the middes of the sea. 1601Holland Pliny I. 508 Touching the spreading of mucke, and mingling it with the mould of a land. 1657Attest Innoc. Z. Crofton A iij, Many of his friends considering the spreading of this scandal,.. did see the necessity of speaking in his behalf. 1765Museum Rust. IV. 123 The reward of manuring a cold clay with coal⁓ashes, even in the year immediately following the spreading of it. 1853[see spreader 4 a]. 1900Westm. Gaz. 11 Jan. 2/2 This is the doctrine of ‘spreading’, that we had over the Clerical Tithes Act.
b. In intransitive uses.
1382Wyclif Ezek. xxxi. 7 He was moost fayr in his greetnes, and in spredynge of tendre trees. c1440Promp. Parv. 470 Spredynge, or streykynge owte, extencio, protencio. 1538Starkey England i. ii. 63 Lyke as the cloudys let the schynyng and spredyng of the sone beamys downe to the erth. 1577tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 678 Whose goinges foorth (or spreadinges abroade) haue beene..from euerlasting. 1617Moryson Itin. iii. 144 Harts (notable for their greatnesse, and the spreading of their hornes). 1639O. Wood Alph. Bk. Secrets 134 The water thereof is perfect good to stay the spreading of the Canker. 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing x. ⁋4 The spreading of the ends of these two Tennants into the spreading of the Mortesses in the Cheeks. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XVIII. 102/1 The patient may suffer from the spreading of the disease. 1832H. Melvill in Preacher III. 97/1 The creatures whom he hath sent forth to tenant the spreadings of immensity. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 574 A spreading of the fluid into the retro⁓ocular tissue.
2. attrib., as spreading commission, spreading knife, spreading place, spreading sheet; also in mod. technical usage, as spreading furnace, spreading hammer, spreading machine, spreading room, etc.; spreading-board, (a) a board on which sheep are laid while being shorn (rare); (b) a setting-board for insect specimens; spreading factor Biol. = hyaluronidase.
c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. xcii. v, Where God doth dwell Shall be his spreading place. 1625Donne Serm. iii. 26 He hath given us that spreading commission to..preach to every creature. 1648Hexham ii, Een Spreeder, the Spreding-sheete of a bed. 1688Holme Armoury iii. xiv. (Roxb.) 3/1 The second..which is called a chopping Knife, or a cookes chopper, or a spreading Knife. 1837Penny Cycl. VIII. 95/1 The spreading-machine is not universally used;..for fine yarns..machine-spreading does not answer so well as hand-spreading. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 578 The spreading furnace or oven is that in which cylinders are expanded into tables or plates. Ibid. 611 The French gold⁓beaters employ besides this hammer..the spreading hammer. 1874Hardy Far from Madding Crowd I. xxii 247 The issue of their dialogue was the taking of her hand by the courteous farmer to help her over the spreading-board into the bright May sunlight outside. 1885C. G. W. Lock Workshop Rec. Ser. iv. 2/2 (Waterproofing), To make the thick paste into a sheet, what is termed a ‘spreading machine’ is used. Ibid. 5/1 The spreading-rooms of some of the largest establishments. 1909in Webster. [ 1930Science 14 Nov. 508/2 The ink particles were..spread through a wider area under the influence of the factor.] 1939Nature 9 Dec. 978/2 The occurrence of spreading factor in bacterial filtrates has so far been found to go parallel with their mucinase content. 1963V. Nabokov Gift ii. 111 To drive a pin smoothly through the insect's thorax, stick it in the cork groove of the spreading board. 1978Exper. Cell Res. CXV. 227 Techniques previously developed for the purification of the fetal calf adhesion and spreading factor were directly applied to human serum.
▪ II. spreading, ppl. a.|ˈsprɛdɪŋ|
[f. spread v.]
1. a. Extending or growing outwards; increasing in size or area.
a1593Marlowe tr. 1st Bk. Lucan 530 Fiery meteors,..Now spearlike, long; now like a spreading torch. 1651Davenant Gondibert i. i. 52 Her spreading stature talness was, not length. 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xxiv. ⁋19 While he is taking the Sheet off the Tympan, he gives a quick spreading glance upon it. 1725Pope Odyss. ii. 404 Me from our coast shall spreading sails convey. 1746Hervey Medit. (1818) 127 Soon arises the anemone, encircled at the bottom with a spreading robe. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxxvi, To see the dipping oars imprint the water, and to watch the spreading circles they left. 1827Keble Chr. Y., Ordin., Through the hallow'd air The spreading cloud of incense soar'd. 1851Ruskin Stones Ven. (1874) I. ix. 111 The eye always requires, on a slender shaft, a more spreading capital than it does on a massy one. 1897W. Anderson Surg. Treat. Lupus 15 In large areas of lupus..the spreading edge may be excised.
fig.a1647Habington Surv. Worcs. (Worcs. Hist. Soc.) III. 424 The worthy and large spreadinge family of the Throckmortons.
b. Of trees or plants.
1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, v. ii. 14 Whose top-branch ouer⁓peer'd Ioves spreading Tree. 1611Bible Wisd. xvii. 18 A melodious noise of birdes among the spreading branches. 1634Milton Comus 184 Here to lodge Under the spreading favour of these Pines. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 216 With spreading Planes he made a cool Retreat. 1720Prior Truth & Falsehood 11 Under a spreading beach They sat. 1743Francis tr. Horace, Odes iii. i. 14 Others..joy to plant the spreading grove. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxxii, Beneath the dark and spreading branches. 1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 531 A good bearer, a spreading tree. 1869H. F. Tozer Highl. Turkey I. 292 [We] lay down to rest under a spreading ash-tree.
c. Bot. Having a gradual outward tendency or direction.
1796Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 166 Calyx 5-flowered: panicle spreading. 1841Penny Cycl. XXI. 182/2 Five petals, which are usually spreading. 1858A. Irvine Handbk. Brit. Pl. 753 Teeth with spreading or spreading-erect cartilaginous points. 1890Science-Gossip XXVI. 275 Leaflets ovate, with long spreading hairs near the underside of the mid-rib.
Comb.1840Penny Cycl. XVIII. 171/2 The spreading-leaved Pine... A lofty tree, with leaves eight or nine inches long. 1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 194 Talinum patens, Spreading-flowered Talinum.
2. a. In specific names of plants.
1548Turner Names Herbes 45 Lactuca sessilis, in englishe spredynge Lettis. 1823Crabb Techn. Dict. II, Scorzonera residifolia,..Spreading Viper's-Grass. 1836Penny Cycl. VI. 432/1 Cerasus prostrata, the spreading cherry. 1859Pratt Brit. Grasses 65 Spreading Millet-grass. Ibid. 71 Spreading Silky Bent.
b. spreading adder U.S., the hog-nosed snake, Heterodon contortrix, a harmless snake which characteristically inflates its body, flattens its head, and hisses loudly. Cf. hog-nose.
1842J. E. DeKay Zool. N.Y. iii. 52 The Hog-nosed Snake..is also called Dead Adder, Spreading Adder, Hog-nose and Buckwheat-nose. 1904R. Stuart River's Children 91 Rattlers and copperheads, spreading-adders, moccasins, and conger-eels come up to the island. 1931W. Faulkner in Amer. Mercury Mar. 261/2 Her mouth pursed out like a spreading adder's, like a rubber mouth. 1972E. Wigginton Foxfire Bk. 295 Spreading adder. They tell me they're an awful poisonous snake.
3. Tending to become (more) widely diffused or prevalent.
1560Bible Lev. xiii. 57 If it appeare stil in the garment,..it is a spreading leprie. 1647Power of Keys v. 119 By the spreading, leprous quality of their example. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 182 Spreading Succ'ry choaks the rising Field. 1746Francis tr. Horace, Sat. ii. viii. 98 From bed to bed the spreading whisper flies. 1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxv. 319 The disposition to fresh ulceration of a spreading and intractable character. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 712 ‘Spreading gangrene’..and pyæmia are natural consequences. |