| 释义 |
cuneiform, a. and n.|kjuːˈniːɪfɔːm, ˈkjuːniːɪ-|
Also 7–9 cuneo-, 7 cuneform, 9 cuniform |ˈkjuːnɪfɔːm|.
[f. L. cune-us wedge + -form; cf. mod.L. cuneiform-is, F. cunéiforme (in Anatomy, 16th c. Paré).]
A. adj.
1. Having the form of a wedge, wedge-shaped.
cuneiform bone (in Anat.): (a) one of the bones of the carpus; (b) each of three bones of the second row of the tarsus, called internal, middle, and external; (c) a name for the sphenoid bone of the skull. cuneiform cartilages or cuneiform tubercles: the cartilages of Wrisberg.
1677Plot Oxfordsh. 268 The stones are all cuneoform. 1681tr. Willis' Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Cuneform, wedglike or in form of a wedg: a bone so shap'd. 1741Monro Anat. Bones (ed. 3) 101 The external Surface is mostly convex, except at the cuneiform Apophyse. 1797T. Bewick Brit. Birds (1847) I. 138 The tail is cuniform and rather long. 1840G. Ellis Anat. 28 The cuneiform process of the sphenoid bone. 1850J. Leitch Müller's Anc. Art §168 The art of arching by means of cuneiform stones.
2. spec. Applied to the characters of the ancient inscriptions of Persia, Assyria, etc., composed of wedge-shaped or arrow-headed elements; and hence to the inscriptions or records themselves.
1818W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. LXXXV. 486 The cuneiform character is so simple in its component parts, that it..consists only of two elements, the wedge and the rectangle. 1829J. Kenrick in Philos. Mag. May 327 Beyond the limits of Persia more than one monument has been found with cuneiform inscriptions. 1869F. W. Newman Misc. 56 A cuneoform text from Assyria. 1876Birch Rede Lect. Egypt 39 The recently discovered Assyrian annals in the cuneiform character.
b. transf. Relating to, or conversant with, the cuneiform writing and inscriptions.
1862Rawlinson Anc. Mon. I. v. 330 Cuneiform scholars. 1874Deutsch Rem. 309 The vast importance of cuneiform studies.
B. n.
1. Anat. = cuneiform bone in A. 1.
1854R. Owen in Circ. Sc. (c1865) II. 78/2 The external cuneiform is the largest of the second series of tarsals.
2. The cuneiform character, cuneiform writing.
1862Sat. Rev. 8 Feb. 162 He [Sir G. C. Lewis] doubts the whole Egyptian chronology,..thinks the Babylonian annals an imposition, and does not even condescend to mention cuneiform and its decipherers. 1874Deutsch Rem. 309 There are three principal kinds of cuneiform.
Hence cuneiformist, a student of cuneiform writing.
1884W. M. Ramsay in Athenæum 27 Dec. 865/2 As to the Hittites in Northern Syria, of course we..must accept the verdict of cuneiformists and Egyptologists. |