| 释义 |
▪ I. cupola, n.|ˈkjuːpələ|
Forms: 6– cupola; also 7 coupolo, -ola, -ulo, cupula, -elo, -ilow, cuppola, -olo, -alo, 7–8 (9 dial.) cupolo, -alo, -ulo, -ilo.
[a. It. cupola (also cuppola, cuppula in Florio), whence also F. coupole; ad. L. cūpula little cask, small vault, dim. of cūpa cask, tun: cf. also It. cupo hollow, concave.]
1. a. Arch. A rounded vault or dome forming the roof of any building or part of a building, or supported upon columns over a tomb, etc.; esp. applied to the pointed or bulbous domes of Saracenic architecture. Often spec.: A diminutive dome rising above a roof; a dome-like lantern or skylight; in practical Architecture, the ceiling of a dome. Also spec. the dome of the building in which the French Academy meets (la coupole de l'Institut).
1549Thomas Hist. Italie 137 b, Ouer the queere is an whole vaulte called Cupola, facioned like the halfe of an egge. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 161 Out of the Temple there arise two ample coupulos. Ibid. 166 This Round is couered with a Cupolo. 1662Gerbier Princ. 13 A Noble Paire of Staires should have a Cupelo, and no Windowes on the sides. 1670–98R. Lassels Voy. Italy I. 188 On the top of it [the Domo of Florence] stands mounted a fair Cupola (or Tholus) made by Brunelleschi. 1682Wheler Journ. Greece i. 75 The Mosques..have their high Cupuloes covered with Lead. 1716Protestant Mercury 7 Aug. 6 The Dome or Cupilo of the Cathedral of St. Paul's. 1716–18Lady M. W. Montague Lett. I. xxxviii. 153 The roof of the cloisters divided into several cupolas or domes. 1730–6Bailey (folio), Cupolo [in 1731 vol. II Cupulo]. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §66 In the very top of the lantern, that is, in the cupola. 1821Byron Juan iv. civ, A little cupola, more neat than solemn, Protects his dust. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. vi. 478 Beneath the spreading cupolas of a Byzantine basilica. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 300/1 The word dome is applied to the external part of the spherical..roof, and cupola to the internal part. 1900Westm. Gaz. 21 June 1/3 It is only by a majority of one that M. Hervieu is called ‘under the cupola’. 1920Edin. Rev. Oct. 276 These guardians of the Cupola. Ibid. 279 On the 20th of March 1919, M. René Boylesve..was received under the Cupola by the poet, M. Henri de Regnier.
b. The revolving dome of an observatory.
1831Brewster Newton (1855) I. xiii. 369 The practical astronomer has but to look through the cleft in his revolving cupola.
c. transf.
1652Benlowes Theoph. xii. v. 220 Escuriall Tour's that seem Heav'ns Cupulas. 1711Addison Spect. No. 98 ⁋5 [Nature] seems to have designed the Head as the Cupola to the most glorious of her Works. 1865Lubbock Preh. Times xii. (1869) 398 The immense cupola of ice which is known to exist round the South Pole.
2. Mech. (In full cupola-furnace.) A furnace for melting metals for casting; so called from a cupola or dome leading to the chimney, which is now frequently absent. Also, a furnace for heating shot to be fired at inflammable objects.
Now called at Sheffield, etc. cupelow, cupilo: cf. mod.F. cubilot, app. from English workmen.
1716Lond. Gaz. No. 5425/9 The Lease for the Cupilo, or Copper-Works, at Lower Redbrooke. 1845Stocqueler Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 175 The casting or smelting-house, furnished with cupola blast-furnaces for the smelting of iron. 1861Times 23 July, Cupolas for melting the iron for filling Martin's liquid shells..The cupola consists of a cylindrical shell of wrought-iron, lined with fire-brick, having a blast fan attached. 1885Law Times' Rep. LII. 738/1 They had erected a number of cupola and other furnaces.
3. An armour-plated revolving dome to protect mounted guns on an iron-clad ship; a turret. Hence cupola-ship, cupola vessel.
1862Ann. Reg. 100 He had caused experiments to be made with Captain Coles's cupola. Ibid. 106 A cupola vessel to carry great guns. 1873Brit. Q. Rev. Jan., We refer to the construction and trial [in 1861] of the first ‘cupola’, or ‘shield’, intended to protect guns mounted, with the shield, on a revolving turn-table.
4. In Anat., Zool., etc. A dome-like organ or process; esp. the arched dome-shaped summit of the cochlea of the ear.
1829Bell Anat. and Physiol. Human Body (ed. 7) III. 174 When we cut away the cupola or apex of the cochlea. 1865Gosse Land & Sea (1874) 156 Polycystina. A prevailing type of form is a sort of dome or cupola, with an apical prolongation of spine.
5. Geol. A small dome-shaped projection on a batholith.
1911R. A. Daly in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. XLVII. 69 Plutonic Cupolas... The juvenile gases tend to accumulate in any cupola-like irregularities in the roof. Ibid. 70 Round intrusive bosses or small stocks are characteristic cupola forms on large batholiths... It is evident that every such cupola increases as well as localizes the danger of true volcanic action. 1914― Igneous Rocks & their Origin vi. 102 These projections of the igneous mass have been called ‘cupolas’, after the analogous relation of an artificial cupola to the building of which it is a part. Many stocks are cupolas on batholiths. 1954M. P. Billings Struct. Geol. (ed. 2) xix. 319 Cupolas are isolated plutonic bodies that presumably connect downward with the main batholith.
6. attrib. and Comb., as cupola-painter, etc.; cupola-capped, cupola-roofed adjs.; cupola-wise adv.; cupola-furnace (see 2); cupola-ship (see 3).
1754Strype Stow's Surv. II. iv. vii. 112/2 Having a fine Porch ascended by steps and covered at the Top Cupulowise. 1710Tatler No. 153 ⁋1 The famous Cupola-Painter of those Times. 1816Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 205 A white building, with a cupola roof. 1862H. Marryat Year in Sweden I. 282 Two lofty cupola-capped towers.
▪ II. cupola, v.|ˈkjuːpələ|
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To furnish or construct with a cupola. Hence ˈcupolaed, ˈcupola'd ppl. a.
1615Coupled [see coupled ⁋ at end]. 1644Evelyn Diary 22 Oct., Another rich ebony Cabinet cupola'd with a tortoise-shell. a1657Lovelace Poems (1864) 209 Now hast thou..made Thyself a fame that's cupula'd. 1673Ray Journ. Low C. (1738) I. 246 Round rooms or halls cupulo'd. 1837Disraeli Venetia v. i, The hallowed form of some cupolaed convent. 1881Talmage in N.Y. Witness 13 Apr., The old structure will be..raised, and cupolaed, and enlarged. 1886Shorthouse Sir Percival iii, The low cupolaed arch. |