| 释义 |
▪ I. sprit, n.1|sprɪt|
Forms: α. 1, 4 spreot, 4–5 sprete, 7–9 spreet. β. 4, 7 spret, 5–7 sprett(e. γ. 5–6 spryt, sprytt, sprite (7 spright), 5, 7–8 spritt, 6– sprit.
[OE. spréot, = MDu. (Du. and WFris.) spriet, MLG. spryet, spriet, (hence G. spriet) and spreet, NFris. sprit, spret, ultimately related to sprote1 and sprout v.1]
1. A pole, esp. one used for propelling a boat; a punting-pole; † a spear.
c725Corpus Gloss. C 609 Contis, spreotum. c1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 143 Trudes, uel amites, spreotas. 1023in Thorpe Charters 318 Anes mannes lenge þe healt anne spreot on his hand and strecþ hine swa feor swa he mæᵹ aræcan into þere sæ. 13..St. Cristofer 300 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 458 A lang sprete he bare in hande To strenghe him in þe water to stande. 13..K. Alis. 858 (Linc. MS.), Þe þrid day þey gan aryue, Þey swymmed wiþ spreot,..And bryngiþ schipes to þe lond. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 12653 Thei brende bothe mast & wynlase, Sterne & stere, ore & spretes. c1440Promp. Parv. 470/2 Sprete, or qvante,..contus.
βc1350Will. Palerne 2754 Sone as þe schipmen seie him out lepen, hastili hent eche man a spret or an ore. a1400Octouian 601 A sprette ouyr the bord they caste. 1530Palsgr. 274/2 Sprette for watermen, picq. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. xviii. v. 111 Antoninus..set his course against our State and Common-wealth, not (as they say) with spret nor oare, with shooving, or haling,..but even with spred and full sayle. 1687Shadwell Tenth Sat. Juvenal 38 Contus signifies a Quant or Sprett, with which they shove Boats.
γc1435Torr. Portugal 181 Torrent undyr hys spryt [= spear] he sprent, And abowght the body he hyme hente. a1450Octavian 469 Some hente an oore,..some a sprytt, The lyenas for to meete. 1583T. Stocker Civ. Warres Lowe C. iii. 126 b, This Arke..was rowed neither with sprites, nor ores,..but [driven] by wheeles wrought within her. 1606Holland Sueton. 116 A number of mariners, who with their sprits, poles and oares should beate..their carkasses. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia 321 Sprit, a pole to push a boat forward. 1903Longman's Mag. Jan. 216 You could not perceive when the flat bit of wood at the end of the sprit touched it [i.e. the bottom of a mere].
2. Naut.
a. ‘A small boom or pole which crosses the sail of a boat diagonally from the mast to the upper hindmost corner of the sail, which it is used to extend and elevate’ (Falconer).
13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 104 Wiȝt at þe wyndas [they] weȝen her ankres, Sprude spak to þe sprete þe spare bawe-lyne. 1399Rolls of Parlt. III. 444/2 Par le rumper d'un cabel, rope, sprete, ou mast d'ascun Shoute. 1417in For. Acc. 8 Hen. V, G/1, j dialle, j Soundynglyne, j Roffe Sprite in Balingera Regis. 1536in Marsden Sel. Pl. Crt. Adm. (1894) I. 54 Possessione virge, Anglice a yard or a spyryt [sic]. 1716Phil. Trans. XXIX. 497 This Machine I suspended from the Mast of a Ship, by a Spritt which was sufficiently secured by Stays to the Mast-head. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780) s.v., The lower end of the sprit rests in a sort of wreath or collar called the snotter. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxiv. 316 A stouter mainsail of fourteen-feet lift with a spreet eighteen feet long. 1913Act 2 & 3 Geo. V, c. 31 §39 A pilot flag..to be placed at the mast head, or on a sprit or staff.
b. (See quot.)
1846Young Naut. Dict. 293 A Sprit, or Spur, in a sheer⁓hulk is a spar for keeping the sheers out to the required distance.
3. attrib., as sprit pole, sprit rig, sprit staff, sprit topmast, sprit topsail, sprit yard.
1485Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 49 Spritt yerds, j; Spritte sailes, j. 1497Ibid. 300 Fore yerdes, j; sprete yerdes, j. 1611Cotgr., Miquelot,..a poore, pettie, vagabond Pedler, that with a spritstaffe crosses from place to place. 1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. vii. 31 Your Spret and Spret top-saile. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780) s.v. Yard, Sprit-topsail yard equal to the fore top gallant-yard. 1894Outing XXIV. 84/2 The sprit rig cannot be said to be pretty. 1903Longman's Mag. Jan. 216 Under the influence of the silent sprit-pole it seemed to move by some voluntary self-contained power.
▪ II. sprit, n.2|sprɪt|
[f. sprit v.1 Cf. spirt n.3 and spurt n.2]
a. A young shoot of a plant or tree.
b. A sprout of a seed or root.
1622Jrnl. Eng. Plantation Plymouth New England 7 As we wandred we came to a tree, where a yong Spritt was bowed downe over a bow, and some Acornes strewed vnder neath. 1682Houghton's Lett. Husb. & Trade I. 67 Sometimes..I have known our Maltster stir his Barly-Couches..till the Sprit begins to fork, five or six times a day. Ibid. 68 When the Sprits come forth at the Root end of the Corn, another Sprit, which we call the Acrospire, begins to stir at the same end. 1851Sternberg Northampt. Dial., Sprit, a sprout; the awn of barley. 1886Holland Cheshire Gloss. 334 Sprit, a sprout from the eye of a potato, or the young radicle of corn when it first begins to grow.
▪ III. sprit, n.3 Sc.
= spret. Also collect.
1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth 268 It becomes instantly filled with sprits, rushes and other aquatics. 1807Ess. Highl. Soc. III. 469 Bog ground is for the most part covered with sprit, of the smaller sort of which they make what they call bog hay. 1866Chambers's Encycl. VIII. 373/2 Many marshy and boggy places abound in some of the species having leafy stems and the leaves jointed internally, popularly called Sprots or Sprits. 1883G. M'Michael Notes Way thr. Ayrshire 90 The Afton descends between rocky banks, mostly covered with bent and sprit.
▪ IV. sprit, n.4 techn.
(See quot. 1880.)
1812Dubourdieu Antrim 197 This substance, howsoever it may be acquired, and which by bleachers is called sprit, adheres so closely to the rind..as to have eluded all the..processes..of the old mode of bleaching. 1880Spons' Encycl. Manuf. I. 518 The object of the rubbing..is to remove small specks of brownish matter called ‘sprits’, which may appear here and there throughout the piece.
▪ V. sprit, ppl. a.
[f. sprit v.1]
(See quots.)
1688Holme Armoury iii. 73/2 Spritt, or Blasted, when it [grass or grain] is beaten down by Rain, and through moisture begins to grow again. 1790W. H. Marshall Rur. Econ. Midl. II. 443 Sprit, sprouted, as corn in the field. 1808H. Holland Cheshire 147 A potatoe is said to be well sprit, when it has a shoot from two to four inches long.
▪ VI. sprit, v.1 Now dial.|sprɪt|
Forms: 1 spryttan, 3 sprutten, 7– sprit.
[OE. spryttan:—*sprutjan, f. the weak grade of the stem represented by sprout v.1 Cf. spirt v.2 and spurt v.2]
intr. To sprout or shoot; to germinate. Hence ˈspritted ppl. a.
c900tr. Baeda's Eccl. Hist. i. xxi. (heading), Eft spryttendum [v.r. sprutendum] þam twiᵹum ðæs Pelagianiscan woles. c1000Saxon Leechd. II. 148 Þonne treow & wyrta ærest up spryttað. a1225Ancr. R. 86 Ase þe wiði þet sprutteð ut þe betere þet me hine ofte croppeð.
1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 60 Some affirm that Corn spritted a little,..and then sowen, came up speedily. 1844Phytologist I. 584 Do the seeds of pasture grasses ever germinate in the husk, like wheat, when it is said to ‘sprit’? 1886–7in Cheshire glossaries. 1911D. H. Lawrence White Peacock ii. viii. 335 We..went along the wet furrows, sticking the spritted tubers in the cold ground.
▪ VII. sprit, v.2 ? Obs.
[Of obscure origin: cf. spirt v.3]
intr. To spring, dart.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 2316 He sprit forth spenne fote more þen a spere lenþe. 1836Hooton Bilberry Thurland I. vii. 142 The rabbits..would..sprit across to the field-sides in search of better herbage. |