| 释义 |
squalid, a.|ˈskwɒlɪd|
Also 6–8 squallid, 7 -ed.
[ad. L. squālid-us, f. squālēre to be dry, rough, dirty, etc. So It. squallido, OF. squalide, scalide, Pg. esqualido.]
I.
1. Naturally foul and repulsive by the presence of slime, mud, etc., and the absence of all cultivation or care.
1591Spenser Virg. Gnat 543 The squalid lakes of Tartarie, And griesly Feends of hell him terrifie. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 565 Those that seek for Inspirations and Revelations in By-holes amongst the squallid Sepulchers of the dead. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 686 All these Cocytus bounds with squalid Reeds, With muddy Ditches, and with deadly Weeds. 1743Francis tr. Horace, Odes ii. ix. I. 221 Nor everlasting Rain deforms The squalid Fields. 1887Ruskin Præterita II. 150 No squalid fields of mud and thistles.
b. In general use: Repulsive or loathsome to look at.
1620Dekker Dreame (1860) 31 Then clapping their obstreperous squallid wings, Each of them on the frozen ruffian dings Such bitter blasts. 1822–7Good Study Med. (1829) III. 211 The skin will..be covered over with ecthyma, impetigo, or some other squalid eruption.
2. Foul through neglect or want of cleanliness; repulsively mean and filthy:
a. Of clothing.
1596Spenser F.Q. v. i. 13 They saw a Squire in squallid weed, Lamenting sore his sorrowfull sad tyne. 1616Chapman Homer's Hymn Pan 131 Although a God he were Clad in a squallid sheepskinn. 1623Massinger Dk. Milan iii. i, Nor come I as a slave, Pinioned and fettered, in a squalid weed. 1726Pope Odyss. xvii. 412 A figure despicable, old, and poor, In squalid vests, with many a gaping rent.
b. Of dwellings or similar places.
1628T. May in Le Grys Barclay's Argenis 107 Those valiant Chiefes..In a darke squallid Dungeon must not dye. a1700Evelyn Diary 3 Aug. 1654, 'Tis a squalid den made in the rock. 1829Lytton Disowned 53 Some squalid and obscure quarter of the city. 1845Disraeli Sybil (1863) 198 The general appearance of the room, however, though dingy, was not squalid. 1891Farrar Darkn. & Dawn xii, The squalid taverns and lodging-houses of the poorest of that vast and mongrel populace.
c. Of persons, their appearance, etc.
1642H. More Song of Soul iii. App. lxii, Why gaze you thus on my sad squalid face. 1662Hibbert Body Divinity ii. 17 When God beholds us as we are in our selves we appear vile and squallid. 1729G. Shelvocke Artillery v. 338 Together with the Inferior Prisoners all Dirty, Dejected, Squallid, and as it were half starved. 1780Mirror No. 70, The squalid and death-like appearance of the good old man. 1834Pringle Afr. Sk. 302 The prisoners..exhibited a strange array of wild and swarthy visages, squalid with neglect and misery. 1847Emerson Poems, Monadnoc Wks. (Bohn) I. 433 Is yonder squalid peasant all That this proud nursery could breed? 1875Farrar Silence & Voices Ser. i. 5 The poorest and most squalid savage.
absol.1840Hood Kilmansegg, Marriage xiii, Bravely she shone..As she sailed through the crowd of squalid and poor.
Comb.1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. iii. i. iv, Phantasms, squalid⁓horrid, shaking their dirk and muff.
3. Of qualities, conditions, etc.: Marked or characterized by filth, dirt, or squalor.
1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. ii. v, Winter is like vnto it, vgly, foule, squalid. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 242 Out of squallid wantonnesse they would overcharge their wide mouthes with pelo or other meat. 1784Cowper Task i. 579 Strange! that a creature rational..should..prefer Such squalid sloth to honourable toil! 1822Shelley Chas. I, i. 163 Here is health Followed by grim disease,..wealth by squalid want. 1849Miss Mulock Ogilvies xvii, While squalid poverty grovels in between. 1875Helps Soc. Press. iii. 51 Without which in great towns the life of man will always be barbarous, squalid, and most unsatisfactory.
4. fig. Wretched, miserable, morally repulsive or degraded.
a1660Contemp. Hist. Irel. (Ir. Archæol. Soc.) I. 277 To giue a luster unto the author and his squalled inuentions. 1797Burke Regic. Peace iii. Wks. 1808 VIII. 313 The rest of the squalid tribe of the representatives of degraded kings. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Literature, Squalid contentment with conventions..betray[s] the ebb of life and spirit. 1890Spectator 16 Aug., What a morally squalid Session we have had!
II.
†5. Dry, parched; marked by drought. Obs.
1615Crooke Body of Man 541 In a marrish and weeping ground no grasse is brought forth neither yet in a squallid and hot soile. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. i. i. i, If the earth be barren then for want of raine, if dry and squalid, it yeeld no fruit. 1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 194 They are great in autumne, and are best in a squalid yeare.
†6. Rough; shaggy; unkempt. Obs.
1628Burton Anat. Mel. (ed. 3) i. iii. ii. iv. 193 The skin is many times rough, squalid, especially..about the armes. 1631P. Fletcher Piscatory Eclog. vi, [Diana] with a mighty spear Flings down a bristled bore, or els a squalid bear. 1664Evelyn Sylva 3 Divers of those [young trees] which are found in Woods..being overdripp'd become squalid and mossie. 1722Wollaston Relig. Nat. i. 17, I do not by this deny them to be poor, any more than I should deny a man to have a squalid beard by not shaving him.
7. Having a pinched and miserable appearance. Of complexion: Having a dull unhealthy look.
1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 225 Sprats. They are squalid, leane, and not of copious aliment. 1753Scots Mag. Oct. 516/1 Such as were of a squallid, or pale swarthy complexion. a1776R. James Diss. Fevers (1778) 123 [It causes] an uneasy sensation on the left side,..attended with a squalid countenance. 1823J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 31 Loaves made of adulterated flour are always low and squalid; i.e. they appear small for their weight. 1828Lytton Pelham li, His complexion sallow and squalid.
Hence ˈsqualidly adv.
a1704T. Brown Walk round Lond., Upon Compters Wks. 1709 III. iii. 53 Their Dress [was] squallidly neglected. 1847Webster, Squalidly, in a squalid, filthy manner. |