| 释义 |
▪ I. cyanide, n. Chem.|ˈsaɪənaɪd|
[f. cyan- 2 + -ide.]
a. A simple compound of cyanogen with a metal or an organic radical, as potassium cyanide (KCy), an extremely poisonous crystalline solid.
1826Henry Elem. Chem. I. 458 Cyanide of Iodine. c1865G. Gore in Circ. Sc. I. 226/1 The cyanide produced by the fusion of the ferro-cyanide of potassium alone..is termed ‘black cyanide’.
b. attrib. cyanide gauze, a gauze rendered antiseptic by impregnation with a cyanide, used in dressing wounds; cyanide hardening, case-hardening of iron or steel by the cyanide process; cyanide process, (a) a method of extracting gold and silver from ores by treatment with a dilute solution of sodium or calcium cyanide (or, formerly, potassium cyanide); (b) the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by chemical reaction at high temperatures so as to form alkali cyanides or other cyanogen derivatives; (c) a process for case-hardening iron or steel by immersing it in molten cyanide and then quenching it in water or oil.
1895Arnold & Sons' Catal. Surg. Instr. 726 Double Zinc-Cyanide Gauze. 1913A. Bennett Regent ii. §4 He did nothing but cover up the place with a bit of cyanide gauze. 1925R. W. G. Hingston in E. F. Norton Fight for Everest: 1924 iii. vi. 350 The following equipment is required:..Cyanide gauze, 2 lb.
1921Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CIII. 435 Cyanide Hardening Due to Nitrogen... Steel case-hardened in cyanide contains much nitrogenised material, and nitrogen is believed to exert an appreciable influence on the properties of steel so treated. 1928Ibid. CXVIII. 365 General practice in cyanide hardening is discussed, and reference is made to the Shimer process for case hardening and the cyanogen gas process.
1890J. S. MacArthur in Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 31 Mar. 270/1 By the cyanide process, ores containing lead, zinc, or earthy carbonates which cannot be worked to profit by chlorination, may be as..profitably treated as any other. 1926E. Fyleman tr. Waeser's Atmosph. Nitr. Industry 486 (heading) The cyanide processes. 1940R. H. Heyer Engin. Physical Metall. x. 341 The speed, low cost,..and cleanliness of the hardened surface make the cyanide process readily adaptable to production heat treatment. 1945D. M. Liddell Handbk. Nonferrous Metall. (ed. 2) II. xi. 294 Outside of smelting and refining, the present-day metallurgy of gold and silver may be summarized under three heads: mechanical methods.., amalgamation, and the cyanide process. 1959Chambers's Encycl. VI. 413/2 The cyanide process was developed by J. S. Macarthur and R. W. and W. Forrest of Glasgow and used at Johannesburg in 1890.
▪ II. ˈcyanide, v. Metallurgy.
[f. the n.]
trans. To treat with a cyanide. a. To treat (ores of gold or silver) with a dilute cyanide solution as part of the cyanide process for extracting the metal. b. To immerse (iron or steel) in molten cyanide in order to case-harden it. Hence ˈcyanided ppl. a.; ˈcyanider; ˈcyaniding vbl. n.
a.1894N. Brit. Daily Mail 30 July 5 Cyaniding syndicates. 1895M. Eissler Cyanide Process 39 The cost of cyaniding was as follows. 1896Daily News 10 Dec. 2/7, 2,666 tons cyanided, producing 352 ozs. 1900J. Park Cyanide Process 124 The many worries which the use of cyanide entails on even the successful cyanider. 1945D. M. Liddell Handbk. Nonferrous Metall. (ed. 2) II. xi. 294 Chlorination of gold and hyposulphite leaching of silver ores were practically superseded by cyaniding by the year 1900. 1959J. Newton Extractive Metall. vii. 431 Flotation may be used to produce concentrates that can be cyanided or amalgamated. 1965G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. viii. 109/2 In the late 1890's interest revived in the hope that the ore could be cyanided.
b.1921Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CIII. 435 After annealing the cyanided bar is still hard to file. 1940R. H. Heyer Engin. Physical Metall. x. 348 In certain carburizing and cyaniding processes nitrogen is introduced into the steel in addition to the carbon. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. XIII. 313/2 Both carburizing steels and medium carbon steels..are often cyanided. |