| 释义 |
▪ I. squash, n.1|skwɒʃ|
[Related to, or directly from, squash v.1]
I.
1. a. The unripe pod of a pea. Also applied contemptuously to persons. Obs. exc. arch.
1590Shakes. Mids. N. iii. i. 191, I pray you commend mee to mistresse Squash, your mother, and to master Peascod your father. 1601― Twel. N. i. v. 166 As a squash is before tis a pescod. 1611― Wint. T. i. ii. 160 This Kernell, This squash, this Gentleman. [1887Ruskin Præterita II. 34 The whole time..my mind was simply in the state of a squash before 'tis a peascod.]
b. dial. (See quot.)
1895Rye E. Angl. Gloss. 210 Squash,..pea-pods which look full but are really empty.
†2. squash pear, a variety of pear. squash perry, a beverage made from this. Obs.
1678Worlidge Cyder 219 Pears that are esteemed for their vinous juice in Worcestershire, and those adjacent parts, are the Red and Green Squash-pears. 1699Evelyn Kal. Hort. (ed. 9) 170 Pears:..Red Squash, Bosbery, Watford, for Perry. 1766Compl. Farmer s.v. Perry, Of these the Bosbury pear, the Bareland pear, and the horse pear, are the most esteemed for perry in Worcestershire, and the squash pear, as it is called, in Gloucestershire. 1826Art Brewing (ed. 2) 167 Squash perry, in ordinary seasons, [sells] from {pstlg}4 to {pstlg}8 the hhd.
3. a. A soft india-rubber ball used in a form of the game of rackets (orig. at Harrow). Also attrib., as squash-ball, squash-court, squash-racket (= the bat used in the game), squash-rackets (= the game); squash tennis U.S., a game similar to squash rackets, played with a lawn-tennis ball.
1886Pall Mall G. 17 May 14/1 The game in question, termed ‘squash’ rackets at Harrow if my memory serves me... There are the ‘squashes’—that is, soft indiarubber balls—to be purchased. 1899Miles Lawn Tennis 87 Turn that wall into a squash-racket court. 1899Westm. Gaz. 10 Aug. 8/2 Mr. John Jacob Astor has built a private ‘squash’ court. 1901E. Miles Game of Squash i. 16 Americans generally use a Lawn-Tennis ball..and a Squash-Tennis racket, which is like a miniature Lawn-Tennis racket. 1905H. A. Vachell Hill ii. 26 He bought..a ‘squash’ racquet, ‘squash’ balls, and a yard ball. 1917National Squash Tennis Assoc. Rules 18 Description and specifications of a Squash Tennis Court, as adopted by the National Squash Tennis Association... The dimensions of a Standard Court shall be..Length 32 feet 6 inches Width 17 feet. 1928N.Y. Times 12 Dec. 32/6 The success of the American players in the English squash racquets tournament... At the [American] colleges..squash racquets became more popular. 1930A. Danzig Racquet Game iii. i. 157 The two varieties of squash—squash tennis and squash racquets—have so much in common that they may be called first cousins. 1973Times 28 Sept. 5/6 There is a wide disparity between the international and American versions of squash rackets. 1975Oxf. Compan. Sports & Games 985/1 The squash racket is not as strong as the rackets racket. Ibid. 992/2 Squash tennis was born in a school in Concord, New Hampshire,..but..was refined by Feron, of New York, who first wrapped netting round the ball.
b. ellipt. for squash rackets or occas. (U.S.), squash tennis.
1899N.Y. World 8 Aug. 14/4 ‘Squash’.. is a variation of the time-honored court tennis. 1902E. Miles (title) Racquets, tennis and squash. 1930[see squash tennis, sense 3 a above]. 1952J. B. Pick Phoenix Dict. Games 183 Squash is played with a rubber ball on a four-walled court. Ibid. 185 Service in squash is not the deadly weapon it is in rackets. 1975Oxf. Compan. Sports & Games 986/1 Squash is derived from, and has much in common with, the much older game of rackets, and originated at Harrow School.
II.
4. a. The act of squashing; the fact or sound of some soft substance being crushed or dispersed.
1611Cotgr., Escachure,..a squash, crush, knock, or squeeze (wherby a thing is flatted, or beaten close together). 1739R. Bull tr. Dedekindus' Grobianus 249 Anon, our Hero's Boots, well-soak'd with Wash, At ev'ry Step return'd a dreadful Squash.
b. The shock or impact occasioned by a soft heavy body falling upon a surface; the sound produced by this. Also in with a squash.
1654Gayton Pleas. Notes iii. ii. 74 The place, the fall, the squash, the hugge,..did so confound our Votary, that he could not containe. 1712Arbuthnot John Bull ii. xvi, I shall throw down the burden with a squash among them, take it up who dares. 1726Swift Gulliver ii. viii, My fall was stopped by a terrible squash that sounded louder to my ears than the cataract of Niagara. 1811Ora & Juliet III. 131 This uncommon mass of mortality rolled on to a seat next to Zaire, on which she sunk with a mighty squash. 1812H. & J. Smith Rej. Addr., The Stranger, Hearing a squash, he cried, Damn it, what's that?
c. to go to squash, to become squashed or ruined.
1889Froude Table-t. Shirley 205 It has all gone to squash.
5. a. College Football slang. = scrimmage n. 4.
1857Symonds Let. in H. F. Brown Life iii. (1903) 58 A squash is a large collection of boys, about twenty, with the football in the midst of them. 1867Routledge's Handbk. Football 51 A disputed ‘touch-down’, in consequence of the ball having been carried in by a squash or otherwise.
b. A crush or crowd of persons, etc.; a large number.
1884Pall Mall G. 27 May 4 Young Lord Horsewhipborough is just passing as slowly as the modern squash compels one to progress. 1884W. C. Smith Kildrostan i. ii. 178 Your father made a will, Only there was not anything to will Except a squash of sermons.
c. A social gathering; an informal religious or literary meeting.
1904H. James Golden Bowl I. iii. xiv. 252 The intrinsic oddity of the London ‘squash’, a thing of vague, slow, senseless eddies. 1916L. Einstein Let. 31 July in Holmes-Einstein Letters (1964) ii. 134 The season, however, which I loathe, was rendered nicer by the war..no more fat squashes but agreeable dinners and luncheons. 1938M. Whitlow J. Taylor Smith xi. 114 The Intervarsity Christian Fellowship have a ‘date’ with him for a series of ‘Squashes’ at Oxford and Cambridge. 1977L. Gordon Eliot's Early Years iii. 47 In 1912, Conrad Aiken took ‘Prufrock’ to a ‘poetry squash’ in London and showed it to Harold Monro. 1979PN Review 13 19/1 Lord, you know that next week is the Freshers' Squash.
6. a. Something which is squashed or crushed.
1888Harper's Mag. Dec. 80/2 It seemed churlish to pass him by without a sign, especially as he took off his squash of a hat to me.
b. Biol. A preparation of softened tissue that has been made thin for microscopic examination by pressing or tapping.
1942Darlington & La Cour Handling of Chromosomes v. 40 Sections have now been largely replaced by smears and squashes for all but the smallest masses of material. 1971Nature 18 June 452/2 Fifty cells of three females and thirty-two cells of four males were examined. A testis squash was also made to give meiotic figures. 1981Japanese Jrnl. Genetics LVI. 529 This method enables the observation of both C-banding patterns and the karyotypes by aceto-orcein squash technique in the same chromosome complement.
7. Short for lemon-squash lemon n.1 7. Also, a drink made from the juice of crushed fruit other than lemons; = crush n. 4 e. Freq. as second element of combinations: see lime-squash s.v. lime n.2 2, orange squash s.v. orange n.1 7 a.
1894M. Dyan Man's Keeping (1899) 203 A smaller table held ices, squashes, and such. 1904Sladen Lovers Japan ii. iv, She..kept her mouth intently on the straw in her squash. 1914C. Mackenzie Sinister Street II. iii. vii. 644 Will you have a squash and a biscuit? 1936Discovery June 192/1 Fruit Squashes, containing the pulp of the fruit, were analogous to the well-known orange and lemon squashes. The blackcurrant squash was remarkable for its delicate flavour. 1939A. P. Herbert Water Gipsies (rev. ed.) x. 99 Jane suggested that they should..have a lemon-squash... Ernest did not want a squash. 1967Coast to Coast 1965–6 185 ‘Come on in and I'll make you a squash.’.. Meg squeezed a lemon for his drink. 1980Brit. Med. Jrnl. 29 Mar. 913 Most fruit squashes are unsuitable for babies.
8. attrib. as squash bite Dentistry, an impression of the teeth made by biting the jaws together on a piece of plastic material.
1914N. G. Bennett Sci. & Pract. Dental Surg. xxxvii. 607/1 A ‘squash bite’ impression, or even one taken in the ordinary way in a tray, is very easily distorted in removing from the mouth. 1940J. Osborne Dental Mechanics v. 47 It is usual if this type of block is used to have taken a ‘squash bite’ at the impression stage. 1963C. R. Cowell et al. Inlays, Crowns, & Bridges ii. 10 The relationship of the prepared tooth to adjacent and opposing teeth must be recorded in the indirect technique with a wax or an alginate squash bite.
Add: Hence ˈsquasher n.2 U.S., one who plays squash rackets, a squash player.
1977Dun's Rev. Sept. 73/3 A squasher can belong to his Broad Street Club for $50 a year plus $8 per prime-time half hour. 1987Christian Science Monitor 16 Nov. 18/4 Veteran squashers, however, teach more than how to win trophies.
▪ II. squash, n.2|skwɒʃ|
Also 8 squosh.
[Abbreviation of Narragansett Indian asquutasquash, f. asq raw, uncooked: cf. squanter-squash. (The -ash is a plural ending, as in succotash.)]
1. a. A gourd produced by one or other of various species of trailing herbaceous annual plants belonging to the genus Cucurbita or N. O. Cucurbitaceæ, esp. a fruit of the bush gourd, C. Melopepo.
1643R. Williams Key Ind. Lang. 103 Askutasquash, their Vine aples, which the English from them call Squashes, about the bignesse of Apples, of severall colours, sweet, light, wholesome, refreshing. 1669W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 259 In a weighed quantity of digged earth..he set the seed of a squash. 1721Mortimer Husb. (ed. 4) II. 174 Squashes are a small sort of Pumpkin lately brought into request. 1764T. Hutchinson Hist. Mass. I. (1765) 35 A dearth..caused them to fall upon their pompions, squoshes, &c. before they were ripe. 1857A. Gray First Less. Bot. (1866) 10 It we strip off the coats from the large and flat seed of a Squash or Pumpkin, we find nothing but the embryo within. 1877W. Matthews Ethn. & Phil. Hidatsa Ind. 26 Squashes are cut in thin slices and dried; the dried squash is usually cooked by boiling.
b. Used in sing. with the, or without article.
1764Harmer Observ. iv. §xxxii. 205 Dr. Russell tells us that the squash comes in towards the end of September, and continues all the year. 1878Black Green Past. xl, Not at all desirous of eating at one and the same time boiled beans,..green corn, squash and sweet potatoes. 1902Fortn. Rev. June 1007 The divine ‘sweet corn’, and ‘squash’, and ‘sweet potatoes’.
2. One or other species of Cucurbita producing the above fruit; the genus as a whole.
1661Boyle Scept. Chem. ii. 107 A selected seed of..Squash, which is an Indian kind of Pompion, that Growes a pace. 1731P. Miller Gard. Dict., Melopepo, The Squash. 1766J. Bartram Jrnl. 6 Jan. 26 Here is a native gourd or squash, which runs 20 foot up the trees. 1866Treas. Bot. 358/1 Cucurbita melopepo, the Squash, forms a bush about 3 ft. high. 1884De Candolle's Orig. Cultivated Pl. 252 The Cucurbitaceæ called squash by the Anglo-Americans.
3. With distinguishing terms: (see quots.).
1731P. Miller Gard. Dict. s.v. Melopepo, The common or flat Squash... The large white Squash... The Citron-shap'd Squash... The warted Squash. 1791W. Bartram Carolina 137 It is exceedingly curious to behold the Wild Squash climbing over the lofty limbs of the trees. 1845–50A. H. Lincoln Lect. Bot. App. 95/2 Cucurbita ovifera, egg-squash. Ibid. 96/1 C. verrucosa, club squash. 1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 272 Cucurbita Melopepo. Flat Squash. Ibid., C. verrucosa. Warted Squash. Club Squash. Crook-neck Squash. 1847Darlington Amer. Weeds, etc. (1860) 142 Cucurbita Melopepo... Round Squash. 1866Treas. Bot. 359/1 The Custard Marrow Squash, and the improved Custard Marrow or Bush Squash. 1874Ibid. Suppl. 1344/1 Summer Squash, Cucurbita Pepo. Winter Squash, Cucurbita maxima.
4. attrib., as squash bed, squash pie, squash seed, squash vine, etc.; squash-berry, the red berry of Viburnum pauciflorum, a deciduous North American shrub; = moose-berry s.v. moose1 b; squash blossom, the flower of the plant on which squashes grow, applied attrib. to jewellery made by the Navajo which is characterized by designs (of Spanish, and ult. Moorish, derivation, representing pomegranates) resembling this flower; squash-bug, one or other of various insects infesting or injurious to squashes; squash gourd, (-melon) pumpkin, the common bush gourd or squash, Cucurbita Melopepo.
Also, in recent Amer. Dicts., squash-beetle, squash(-vine) borer, squash flea-beetle, squash ladybird, and squash ladybug, as names of insects infesting squashes.
1937Lady Rockley Some Canadian Wild Flowers 77 Its [sc. Viburnum pauciflorum's] berries known as the ‘*Squash-berry’ are gathered and make an excellent preserve. 1966A. R. Scammell My Newfoundland 32 He even shook his head at bakeapple jam, squashberry jelly and ‘meshberries’. 1974J. E. Underhill Wild Berries Pacific Northwest 23 Huckleberries, Blueberries, Squash-berries, and many others, may be made into delicious jams.
1923D. H. Lawrence Birds, Beasts & Flowers 19 The fig, the horseshoe, the *squash-blossom. Symbols. 1930D. & M. R. Coolidge Navajo Indians xvi. 115 The beautiful squash-blossom pendants which the Hopis like so much. 1944J. Adair Navajo & Pueblo Silversmiths v. 83, I watched Charie make other pieces. One of them was a squash-blossom bead. 1950S. H. Babington Navajos, Gods & Tom-Toms xv. 170 The pronged pieces in the beautiful so-called squash blossom necklace are the buttons which were sewed along the outside seams..of Spanish army officers' pants. 1977C. McFadden Serial (1978) ii. 10/2 Carol..had embellished it with her trademark jewelry: an authentic squash-blossom necklace.
1847Webster, *Squash-bug, the common name of a bug injurious to squashes. 1866Mrs. Stowe Little Foxes 124 In the actual garden there are..squash-bugs for all the melons. 1872O. W. Holmes Poet Breakf.-t. ix, Dor-bugs and squash-bugs and such undesirable objects of affection to all but naturalists.
1823Crabb Technol. Dict. s.v., *Squash-gourd, the Cucurbita melopepo of Linnæus.
1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 605 The *Squash-melon pumpkin, or bush gourd.
1883Harper's Mag. Jan. 213/1 Cranberry sauce, and thick *squash pies.
1823Southey Lett. (1856) III. 391 With regard to these said quasheys (which, I believe, is their name,—first cousins to the *squash pumpkin).
1708S. Sewall Diary 15 Jan., This day Mr. Belchar brings me *Squash-Seeds from Dedham.
1725S. Willard in Early Rec. Lanc., Mass. (1884) 238 They found 2 wigwarms;..they also found a paddle and some *squash shells in one of them.
1751J. Bartram Observ. Trav. Pennsylv., etc. 62 We dined on Indian corn and *squash soop, and boiled bread.
1857A. Gray First Less. Bot. (1866) 39 The Cucumber and *Squash tribe.
1750G. Hughes Barbados 137 The *Squash-vine is long and trailing. 1855Poultry Chron. III. 297 They will nearly get their living on insects without injuring the vegetables. Among squash vines they are indispensable.
▸ squash knife n. U.S. hist. a thin, flat knife made from the scapula of a mammal, usually a buffalo, by North American Indians, esp. the Hidatsa, to slice squash and other soft vegetables.
1917E. Goodbird in G. L. Wilson Agric. of Hidatsa Indians v. 71 Each of the old women had a *squash knife in her hand, made of the thin part of the shoulder bone of a buffalo, if it was an old-fashioned one; butcher knives of steel are now used. 1931N.Y. Times Mag. 8 Nov. 10 The Indian of half a century ago was..economical of the buffalo he shot down... The shoulderblades were used in the manufacture of hoes and squash knives, spades and other tools. 1959W. R. Wedel Introd. Kansas Archeol. 454 A thin flat subrectangular piece, measuring 28 by 65 mm., has been cut from the blade of a scapula digging tool. One long edge shows the thin beveling of the original tool blade; the other edges have been rounded and smoothed, beyond doubt purposely. The piece may have been a ‘squash knife’ or something for similar use. 1991L. Bryan Buffalo People 175 If the Cluny inhabitants were immigrants from the farming villages on the Missouri, where were their squash knives, their scapula hoes and other digging implements?
▪ III. † squash, n.3 Obs.
[Aphetic f. musquash.]
The musk-rat or musquash, Fiber zibethicus.
1678Phillips (ed. 4), Squash, a little Creature in some parts of America, somewhat resembling an Ichnumon or Indian Rat. 1699W. Dampier Voy. II. ii. 59 The Squash is a four-footed Beast, bigger than a Cat. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. III. 380 But the smell of our weasels, and ermines, and polecats, is fragrance itself when compared to that of the squash and the skink. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 201 Another stinkard, called the Squash, is said by Buffon to be found in some of the southern states. 1824[see skink n.5].
▪ IV. squash, v.1|skwɒʃ|
[ad. OF. esquasser (escasser), esquacer (escacier), = It. squassare:—pop. L. *ex-quassāre: see quash v. In some senses, however, perhaps partly or mainly of imitative origin.]
1. trans. To squeeze, press, or crush into a flat mass or pulp; to beat to, or dash in, pieces, etc. Also with preps., as in, to.
1565Stapleton tr. Bede's Hist. Ch. Eng. 61 Ye must, I saye, teare them, rent them, and squashe them to peeces. 1579–80North Plutarch (1895) III. 350 But the top of the gallery fell downe apon the boyes that were left, and squashed them all to death. 1601Holland Pliny I. 289 The hennes..hide themselues from their males the cocks; for..they would squash their egs. 1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. ii. 277 Squashing and beating them vpon some stone,..shee made our cloathes reasonable white. 1670Evelyn Sylva (ed. 2) ix. 58 Note, that in sowing the Berry 'tis good to squash and bruise them with fine siefted Mould. 1726Swift Gulliver ii. i, One of the reapers..made me apprehend that..I should be squashed to death under his foot. 1806J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life iii. xxvi, In shuffling the cards,..squashing them together, breaking their edges [etc.]. 1827Hare Guesses (1859) 144 There have indeed been..men who have piled such a load of books on their heads, their brains have seemed to be squasht by them. 1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 327 There were eight elephants killed that day, but three burst through everything,..squashing two men and a baby.
fig.1613tr. Mexio's Treas. Anc. & Mod. Times 24/1 More cleerly will we yet reueale their grosse absurditie, and..squash in pieces their unexcusable error. 1863Kingsley Water-bab. 60 Between crinolines and theories, some of us would get squashed.
b. With advs., as down, up.
1611Cotgr., Escraser, to squash downe, beat flat. 1698Froger Voy. 105 A sort of wrought lime, which being squashed down upon the bridge..has a most terrible effect. 1893Earl Dunmore Pamirs II. 320, I was not able to accompany my host, but had to be squashed up in the crowd.
c. To quash; to suppress or put down; to undo or destroy in a complete or summary manner.
Also, in recent colloq. use, to silence, discomfit, or repress (a person) in a very decisive or crushing way.
1762Foote Orator ii, I therefore humbly move to squash this indictment. 1850Kingsley A. Locke xviii, I, to squash my convictions, to stultify my book for the sake of popularity, money, patronage! 1852Bristed Five Yrs. Eng. Univ. (ed. 2) 258 The report spread that I had broken down completely, or, as a Johnian elegantly expressed it, was squashed. 1895Law Times XCVIII. 280/2 The Pharmaceutical Society made a strenuous attempt to squash the Stores as vendors of drugs.
†2.
a. To press or squeeze out. Obs. rare.
1599T. M[oufet] Silkwormes 59 Now squashing out their bellies soft and round. 1600Holland Livy 372 The battalions troden under foot and their guts squashed out.
†b. To splash or dash (water) upon a person; to wet by splashing. Obs. rare.
a1602–3Queen Elizabeth in I. H. Jeayes Cat. Charters Berkeley Castle (1892) 323, I somewhat still doute that ther hath bene to greate abundance of the same [sc. water] squasshed upon you. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia 321 Squash, v., to splash; to moisten by plentiful affusion.
3. intr. To emit or make a splashing sound; to move, walk, etc., in this way; to splash.
1671Salmon Syn. Med. i. lv. 142 Ascites is when much Water is heaped up between the Peritoneum and the Bowels, so that when it is struck it doth squash as it were. 1839Hood Ode to St. Swithin vii, Why upon snow-white table-cloths and sheets..Come squashing? 1859Dickens T. Two Cities i. ii, Once more, the Dover mail struggled on, with the Jack-boots of its passengers squashing along by its side. 1893Outing XXII. 139/1 Our feet ‘squashing’ as we step, for our boots are full of rain-water.
4. To be pressed into a flat mass on impact; to flatten out under pressure.
Cf. Florio's use of squashing ppl. a. (quot. 1611 below).
1858Greener Gunnery 121 Some other mixtures..sufficiently strong to resist all tendency to squash; as the softer metals would inevitably do. 1893Scribner's Mag. June 710/1 There must be the most skilful handling, lest the load ‘squash out’.
Hence ˈsquasher; ˈsquashing vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1598Florio, Squaccio, a squashing, a hauocke. 1611Ibid., Squala,..a kind of soft squashing Hazle-nut. 1611Cotgr., Quasseur, a squasher, breaker. Ibid., Escrasement, a crushing flat, a squashing downe. 1865S. Ferguson Forging of Anchor ii, A hailing fount of fire is struck at every squashing blow.
▪ V. squash, v.2 rare—1.
[f. squash n.1 5 b.]
intr. To frequent crowded assemblies.
1867Motley Corr. (1887) II. 269 How anything can be done in London but breakfast, lunch, dine, and squash, if one really goes in for ‘promiscuous Ned’, I can't comprehend.
▪ VI. squash, adv.
[f. squash v.1]
With or as with a squash. Freq. in to go squash (also transf.).
1766[Anstey] Bath Guide iv. 55 His Wig had the Luck a Cathartic to meet, And Squash went the Gallipot under his Feet. 1859F. E. Paget Curate Cumberworth 246 He came down, in less than no time, squash on his nose, and broke it. 1886G. Allen Kalee's Shrine ii, Some cottages may really go squash before long. |