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stadium|ˈsteɪdɪəm|
Pl. stadia |ˈsteɪdɪə|, stadiums; also 6 stadias, stadios, 8 stadia's, 7 stadium's, 7– stadiums.
[L., ad. Gr. στάδιον.
A plural form stadii (after Gr. στάδιοι, L. accus. stadios) used by Byron Sardanapalus v. i, has been corrected in posthumous editions to stadia.]
1. An ancient Greek and Roman measure of length, varying according to time and place, but most commonly equal to 600 Greek or Roman feet, or one-eighth of a Roman mile. (In the English Bible rendered by furlong.)
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xix. cxxix. (1495) 937 The Stadium is the eyghte parte of a myle. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iv. xxix. 151 Amicle, distant twentie stadias from Lacedemon. 1600Pory tr. Leo's Africa Introd. 11 Meroe..in length three thousand stadios or furlongs. 1601Holland Pliny ii. xxiii. l. 14 A Stadium or Furlong maketh of our paces 125... Posidonius saith, That from the earth it is no lesse than fortie stadia to that height..wherein..clouds doe engender. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. iii. ii. i. i. (1624) 357 Two Palme trees..which were barren..till they came to see one another by growing vp higher, though many Stadiums asunder. 1657G. Thornley Daphnis & Chloe 82 When he had born off to sea about ten stadium's. 1730A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 325 The Circus..was three Stadia's in length.
2. A race-course for foot-racing, originally a stadium in length; hence occas. foot-racing as an exercise. In mod. use often in extended sense, a place for athletic exercises; spec. an enclosed area for sporting events equipped with tiers of seats for spectators. (The pl. stadiums is usual in this sense.)
1603Holland Plutarch Explan. Words, Stadium, a race or space of ground, conteining 625. foote. 1676H. Vernon in Phil. Trans. XI. 579 There is the stadium yet to be seen. 1749G. West Pindar's Odes, Diss. Olympic Games i. (1753) II. 10 Homer..introduces his greatest Heroes contending in the very same kind of Exercises, with those practised in the Stadium of Olympia. Ibid. vii. 61 The simple Foot-Race, named the Stadium, from the Length of the Course. 1833Sir H. Ellis Elgin Marbles I. 26 One of the greatest of the public works of Athens was the stadium of Herodes Atticus. 1834Baron Berenger (title) Particulars and Recommendations of the Stadium, or British National Arena for Manly and Defensive Exercises, Equestrian, Chivalric and Aquatic Games..at the Residence of the late Lord Cremorne. 1847Grote Greece ii. xxviii. IV. 96 Kylon..had gained the prize in the Olympic stadium. 1866Alger Solit. Nat. & Man ii. 51 We always think of the oracles of the gods as dropping in grove and grotto, not in street and stadium. 1901Westm. Gaz. 27 Feb. 8/2 The stadium for sports, covering ten acres, is one of the chief features of the [Pan-American] Exposition [at Buffalo]. 1928Times 20 Apr. 6/6 It would be difficult to imagine a more impressive enclosure than the Stadium [sc. Wembley Stadium] for the holding of the greatest football festival of the year. 1938L. MacNeice Earth Compels 59 It's no go the picture palace, it's no go the stadium. 1972G. Green Great Moments in Sport: Soccer iii. 44 As for Lenin Stadium itself, it was very much like Wembley before the cover went on, an elliptical concrete monster, liberally dotted with exits and entrances, and steeply tiered.
3. A stage of a process, disease, etc.
1669W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 190 The several Stadiums of this Salt gives the various apparencies of growth, maturity, and old age of Plants. 1725Phil. Trans. XXXIII. 391 Hence those Deliriums, Coma's, &c. so frequently threatening at this Stadium of the Disease. 1822–29Good's Study Med. (ed. 3) IV. 77 Hence different stadia of life seem to exercise some control [over insanity]. 1860Geo. Eliot in Cross Life (1885) II. 282 We are still far off our last stadium of developement. 1876Bartholow Mat. Med. (1879) 176 Its good effects are limited, however, to that stadium of these maladies in which the morbid action is confined to the nasal passages. 1878Dowden Stud. Lit. 36 A new stadium in the advance of the revolutionary idea commenced. 1888J. Martineau Study Relig. ii. ii. II. 26 As the later stadia of her [Nature's] developments rise above the earlier. 1895D. Sharp Insects i. 158 The intervals between the ecdyses are called stadia, the first stadium being the period between hatching and the first ecdysis.
4. Surveying. (See quots.) Cf. stadia.
1861in Abridgm. Specif. Patents, Opt. etc. Instrum. (1875) 363 An improved stadium or telemetre. 1871Heather Math. Instrum. III. 79 The Stadium for measuring distances in rifle practice. 1884Knight Dict. Mech., Suppl., Stadium, the leveling rod of a surveyor.
5. Geol. = stade1 3. Now Obs. or rare.
1910Zeitschr. fü r Gletscherkunde IV. 246 The later stages of glaciation in the scheme proposed by Geikie..may prove to correspond to the stadia of the Alpine region which are so clearly brought out by Penck and Brückner in their recent great work. 1914W. B. Wright Quaternary Ice Age vii. 156 An investigation of the stages of retreat in the Etsch district has shown that three main stadia can also be distinguished here. 1937Ibid. (ed. 2) xi. 185 This stadium must..be dated back before the Swiss pile-dwellings, or in round numbers 7000 years ago.
▸ stadium rock n. a type of rock music perceived as sounding grandiose, anthemic, or bombastic, and characteristically performed at lavish stage shows in sports stadiums before huge audiences.
1979News (Frederick, Maryland) 10 Dec. c5/3 Like Foreigner, Boston and many other groups, Cheap Trick plays the sort of *Stadium Rock that has proven so popular in the late '70s. 1989C. S. Murray Crosstown Traffic i. 31 In triumphalist movies like Top Gun, the bombast of stadium rock reinforces the bombast of gung-ho militarism, where heavy metal pumps iron and bombs Libya. 2003I. MacDonald People's Music 66 By now the prototype for stadium rock, Cream had accumulated massive amplification and were accordingly getting even more ponderous. |