| 释义 |
stagnation|stægˈneɪʃən|
[f. stagnate v.: see -ation.]
1. The condition of being stagnant; an instance of this.
a. of water, ice or air.
1665Nedham Med. Medicinæ 267 The Liquor is vindicated from Putrefaction, and Stagnation, that is to say, defect of motion. 1671Boyle Three Tracts iii. 16 Sometimes at the Bottom of the Deep waters there seem'd to be a stagnation of the Sea for a great depth. a1677Barrow Serm. Wks. 1686 III. 205 If the water runneth, it holdeth clear, sweet, and fresh; but stagnation turneth it into a noisome puddle. 1702Savery Miner's Fr. 74 Stagnation of air is the sole cause of this Inconvenience in Mines. 1783Justamond tr. Raynal's Hist. Indies VIII. 82 A plain parcelled out and cut into channels by the stagnations of a small gulph, upon the slope of a low land. 1797R. Heron Scotland Descr. 5 Some of them [i.e. the lakes] are formed by the stagnation of rivers in particular parts of their course. 1829Chapters Phys. Sci. xiv. 147 Hydrostatics..denotes that science which treats of the mechanical properties of all fluids, considered more especially in a state of stagnation. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm I. 518 The chief injury now sustained by the soil of Scotland arises from the stagnation of rain-water upon an impervious subsoil. 1929Geogr. Rev. XIX. 256 (heading) The stagnation and dissipation of the last ice sheet. 1943Amer. Jrnl. Sci. CCXLI. 97 When the ice finally disappeared, the gravel blanket..would be let down to form kames and hummocky gravel deposits such as have commonly been taken as indicators of general ice stagnation. 1973R. J. Price Glacial & Fluvioglacial Landforms viii. 207 When stagnation of a valley glacier occurs, glacial erosion ceases.
transf.1834Marryat P. Simple xlvi, There appeared a total stagnation in the elements. 1913Times 7 Aug. 8/4 The chances of the stagnation among the teeth of cereal food are enormous... Where coarse stagnation only was possible caries was far less frequent.
b. Phys. of blood, sap, etc. in a living body.
1707Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 65 They are subject to a Stagnation of Blood. 1816T. A. Knight in Trans. Horticult. Soc. II. 200 The stagnation in the branches and stock of a portion of that sap, which [etc.]. 1876tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. 193 The causes of thrombosis consist either in stagnation of the blood, or in changes in the wall of the vessel.
attrib.1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 167 Thrombi attributed to slowing of the blood current..are called stagnation-thrombi.
2. fig. Unhealthy absence of activity, energy, etc. Also spec. in Econ., an absence or low rate of growth.
1711Steele Spect. No. 260 ⁋1 The Decay of my Faculties is a Stagnation of my Life. 1732in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. i. 249 There will be a kind of Stagnation of all Business. 1798S. Lee Canterb. T., Yng. Lady's T. II. 448 Such a collection of books as secured the mind from stagnation. 1869H. F. Tozer Highl. Turkey I. 359 In an empire like Turkey..we see everywhere—neglect, stagnation, and decay. 1907Verney Mem. I. 441 The dulness and stagnation of a French country town. 1938A. H. Hansen Full Recovery or Stagnation xx. 319 It ought to appear incongruous..to follow a chapter on secular stagnation with one on inflation. Ibid., Paradoxical though it be, the more we sink into deep stagnation with vast unemployment of labor and resources, the more imminent is the danger of inflation. 1965J. L. Hanson Dict. Econ. & Commerce 362/2 Stagnation thesis, the belief that in advanced economies saving might be so great as to make the maintenance of full employment difficult. 1972Oxf. Univ. Gaz. CII. Suppl. No. 7 p. 4 Whereas the adoption of the I.M.F. prescriptions had apparently led to stagnation in Argentina. 1974M. B. Brown Economics of Imperialism ix. 224 Concentration..would be discouraged in periods of rapid economic growth and encouraged during stagnation or slump.
3. Comb. stagnation point Aeronaut., a point on the leading edge of a moving aerofoil at which the air is at rest relative to the aerofoil.
1926H. Glauert Elements Aerofoil & Airscrew Theory ii. 14 Consider first the pressure which occurs at a stagnation point, where the fluid is brought to rest at the nose of the body. 1955Sci. Amer. Oct. 126/3 At what is called the ‘stagnation’ point, just in front of the model, the streamline splits in two, one half flowing around each side of the obstruction. 1979Bertin & Smith Aerodynamics for Engin. vii. 269 We see that the temperature of the air at the stagnation point is sufficiently high that we could not use an aluminum structure. |