| 释义 |
▪ I. stank, n.|stæŋk|
Forms: α. 4 stanc, 4, 7 stanck(e, 4–5 staunk(e, (5 stonke), 5, 7 stanke, (7 Sc. stunk), 9 dial. stenk, 3– stank. β. 3–6 stang, 5–6 stange, (6 staung).
[a. OF. estanc (mod.F. étang) = Pr. estanc-s, Sp. estanque, Pg. estanque, estanco:—Com. Rom. *stanco, prob. vbl. noun to *stancare to dam up (:—popular L. *stagnicāre f. stagnum pond): see stanch v.]
1. A pond or pool. Also a ditch or dyke of slowly-moving water, a moat. Now Sc. and dial.
αa1300Cursor M. 5922 On stank and burn and well. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1725) 68 Þei lighted & abiden biside a water stank [rime lang]. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1018 A stynkande stanc. c1400Mandeville (1839) xix. 209 Bestes, taughte of men to gon in to Watres..and in to depe Stankes, for to take Fysche. 1450Paston Lett. I. 170 Sir John Bukk..physshed my stankys at Dedham, and holp brake my damme. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 2982 In an Ile he duelt..Whar þan was a grete staunk; Of derwent watir þare is þe hede. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) I. 208 Ane nobill toun..That wallit wes about with lyme and stone, With dowbill stank and fowsseis mony one. 1603J. Davies (Heref.) Microcosmos Wks. (Grosart) I. 32/1 Stanckes, Moores, and Lakes that never ryn. c1630in Macfarlane's Geogr. Collect. (1907) II. 165 It is now one little Logh being but ane stunk before when the Illand was in the midst of it. c1690in Roxb. Ball. (1888) VI. 616 O'er ditch and stank, he staik amang them a' then. 1786Burns Auld Mare iii, Thou ance..could hae flown out owre a stank, Like onie bird. 1807Stagg Poems 3 Wi' whup an' spur, thro' stenk an' stoore, [they] Set off, a jolly party. 1825Carlyle Let. in Froude Life (1882) I. 296 If he..is made to plash and sprawl..through every stank to which their love of provant leads them. 1871W. Alexander Johnny Gibb (1873) 31, I b'lieve ye he'll no loup the stank so easy wi' Maister Saun'ers.
βa1300Cursor M. 8936 Ilk dai..Þar lighted dun of heuen ture Angels..For to stir þe stang bidene. a1340Hampole Ps. cxiii. 8 That turnys the stanys in stangis of watirs. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop V. x, A stange or pond where as was a fayr mylle. c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 7 The stang or ponde of the forest. 1588Parke tr. Mendoza's Hist. China 205 They haue their stanges for the most part full of fish. c1595Norden Spec. Brit., Cornw. (1728) 71 Ther standeth a Stange or Poole of water.
transf.13..Cursor M. 23191 (Gött.) Sathanas..sal casten be,..a stinckand stanck of fire. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. 841 Seint Iohn seith that Auowtiers shullen been in helle, in a stank brennynge of fyr and of Brymston.
2. A dam to hold back water, a weir or floodgate. Now dial. and techn.
1604Jrnls. Ho. Comm. 23 June, All Weres, Kiddells, Stanks, and other Obstructions in..navigable Rivers. 1610Vaughan in J. Davies' Wks. (Grosart) II. 4/1 The Brookes runne murmuring by their parched Brincks..and chide against the Stancks. 1633in N. Riding Rec. (1885) III. ii. 347 Att the stancke or damm of the abovenamed mill. 1656R. Fletcher Martial's Epigr. etc. 167 An inundation that ore-bears the banks And bounds of all religion; If some stancks Shew their emergent heads? Like Seth's fam'd stone, Th'are monuments of thy devotion gone! 1763in J. Lloyd Old S. Wales Iron Works (1906) 73 To make such..channels..pondheads, stanks, and wears as they shall think fit. 1855Gawthrop Fraser's Guide to L'pool 235 Crossing the stank, or bar, between Seacombe and Woodside. 1865Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. Ser. ii. I. ii. 277 The cutting through one of these subterranean stanks or ridges will often lay a large tract immediately dry. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining 238 Stank, a water-tight stopping; generally a well built brick wall.
3. attrib. and Comb. as stank-head, stank-side; stank-brae, the edge of a stank; stank-hen, the moorhen, Gallinula chloropus; stank-meadow, a meadow containing a pool.
1579in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 1581, 73/1 The *stank bra on the eist syde. c1680J. Russell in Kirkton's Hist. Ch. Scot. (1817) 443 Presently Clavers advanced all in a body to the stank bree.
1412–13Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 610 Pro reparacione de le *Stankhede apud Ketton, 4s.
1766Reid Let. Wks. I. 47/2 A bird called a *stankhen. It is a water fowl, less than a duck [etc.]. 1831Montagu's Ornith. Dict. 188 Gallinule. Provincial.—Moor-hen... Stank-hen.
1358Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 561 In diversis foveis et gutturis factis in le *Staunkmedowe de Pityngton, 12s. 1d.
14..Prose Life Alexander 71 Þay..went to þe *stanke⁓syde & drewe fisches & elez oute of þe water, & ete þam. 1903A. Whyte Apostle Paul x. 111 It is then that I sit down at a stank-side with poor Lord Brodie.
▪ II. † stank, a. Obs. rare—1.
In 6 stanck, stanke.
[ad. It. stanco = OF. estanc, related to It. stancare, OF. estancher: see stanch v.]
Weary, faint, exhausted.
1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Sept. 47, I am so stiffe, and so stanck [gloss. wearie or fainte]. 1598Florio, Stanco, wearie, tyred, faint, ouerlaboured, stanke.
▪ III. stank, v. dial. and techn.|stæŋk|
[f. stank n.]
trans.a. To dam or strengthen the banks of a stream. Also to stank back, stank up (water). †b. To surround with a moat. Obs.
a.1656R. Fletcher Martial's Epigr. etc. 154 I'le..stanck up the salt Conducts of mine eyes To watch thy shame, and weep mine obsequies. 1829in Ashbee Last Rec. Cotswold Community (1904) 6 Jno. Steel stanking the water and mounding in meadow. 0. 1. 6. 1839Sir G. C. Lewis Gloss. Heref. s.v., A man shutting down a floodgate would stank back the water. 1881Cussans Hist. Hertfordsh., Cashio 321 Water-courses are stanked where they take a sharp turn.
b.a1670Spalding Troub. Chas. I (Bannatyne Club) II. 315 Sir William Forbes..plantis sum soldiouris thairin, being stankit about and of good defens.
Hence ˈstanking vbl. n. = stank n. 2.
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining 238 Stanking. |