| 释义 |
statical, a.|ˈstætɪkəl|
Also 6 -all.
[formed as static a. and n. + -al1.]
†1. Pertaining to the action or process of weighing: = static a. 1. Obs.
statical baroscope: a baroscope in which the varying weight of the air was rendered observable by the movements of a balance; so statical hygroscope. statical chair = static chair: see static a. 1.
1570Dee Math. Pref. c j b marg., The practise Staticall, to know the proportion, betwene the Cube, and the Sphære. 1578W. Bourne Treas. Trav. iv. 6, I wyll shewe vnto you a more pleasaunter..waye (by the Arte Staticall)..for to know the true wayghte of any Shyp. 1666Boyle in Phil. Trans. I. 233 So that I had oftentimes the satisfaction by looking first upon the Statical Baroscope (as for distinctions sake it may be call'd) to foretell, whether in the Mercurial Baroscope the Liquor were high or low. 1669Phil. Trans. IV. 897 The Ingenious Sanctorius hath not exhausted all the results of Statical Indications. 1673Boyle (title) A Statical Hygroscope Proposed to be further tryed. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet in Aliments, etc. i. 401 If such a one by a statical Engine could regulate his insensible Perspiration..he might often..shorten his fit. 1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl., Statical is sometimes applied in a peculiar sense to the experiments made as to the quantity of perspiration and other excretions of the human body. 1779J. Adams Wks. (1854) IX. 508 Suppose you should make a statical chair, and try whether perspiration is most copious in a warm bed, or stark naked in the open air. 1780Mirror No. 79 To devise..some..statical balance which should shew the difference of weight and solidity of such objects as have a similar appearance.
2. Of or pertaining to statics.
1660Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. xxxvi. 299 The Atmosphere may..for ought can be determin'd by our Statical and Mechanical Experiments, rise to the height of Five and twenty German Leagues. 1685― Free Enq. 253 This Ascension is made..by the Pressure of the Atmosphere, acting upon the Water, according to Statical Rules. 1820Shelley Let. Maria Gisborne 83 Then comes a range of mathematical Instruments, for plans nautical and statical. a1878Sir G. Scott Lect. Archit. (1879) I. 61 A careful study of the monuments in which it [the pointed arch] is first systematically used clearly shows that its introduction was from statical, and neither geometrical nor merely æsthetical motives. 1880Nature XXI. 369 Any true theory of the constitution of the ether would be something totally different from statical theories of this kind.
†b. ? transf. (Sense obscure.) Obs. rare.
a1656Hales Gold. Rem. (1673) 271 There are in Story two things especially considerable. First, the Order of the Story it self: and secondly, Moral, or Statical observations, for common life and practise.
†3. Pertaining to weight or the equilibrium of weight. Obs.
1714T. Parkyns Inn-Play (ed. 2) 23 For all other Statical Motions of humane Bodies, such as are curious may find them abridg'd, from Alphonsus Borellus [Quotation follows].
†b. Of analysis, etc.: Gravimetrical. Obs.
1727S. Hales Statical Ess. Introd. (1731) 2 The most considerable and rational accounts of it [the animal œconomy] have been chiefly owing to the statical examination of its fluids. 1784J. Richardson (title) Statical Estimates of the materials of Brewing. 1813Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. i. (1814) 14 The true statical analysis of the atmosphere is comparatively a recent labour.
c. Pertaining to the metrology of weight. Cf. static n. 2.
1846Grote Greece ii. iv. II. 425 The..information contained in M. Boeckh's recent publication on Metrology has thrown new light upon these monetary and statical scales.
4. Of or pertaining to forces in equilibrium or the condition of rest in bodies. Of forces: Operating to produce or maintain equilibrium.
1802Playfair Illustr. Huttonian Theory 43 Whenever, therefore, we meet with rocks, disposed in layers quite parallel to one another, we may rest assured, that..no cause has interrupted the statical tendency above explained. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. ii. xviii. (1835) II. 352 Let us, however, concede that the statical figure [of the earth] may be a modification of some other pre-existing form. 1837Whewell Hist. Induct. Sci. (1857) II. 13 This includes the principle of the Composition of Statical Forces. 1839G. Roberts Dict. Geol., Statical Figure.., the figure which results from the equilibrium of forces. 1867Thomson & Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. I. §451. 340 This, which is called Statical Friction, is thus capable of opposing a tangential resistance to motion which may be of any requisite amount up to µR. 1868H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (1872) II. vi. xi. 141 The statical attributes shape, size and position. 1869J. Martineau Ess. II. 167 All forces..are dynamical..till..they become statical. 1871B. Stewart Heat §195 The equilibrium suggested by Prevost is not therefore a statical or tensional equilibrium..but it is essentially an equilibrium of action. 1889Welch Test Bk. Naval Archit. ii. 22 This effort of the ship to right herself when inclined at any angle, is called her statical stability at that angle.
b. Applied to frictional electricity: = static a. 3 b.
1837Faraday in Phil. Trans. CXXVIII. 20 Inductive effects produced by electricity, not in currents, but in its statical state. 1845Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. IV. 208 Statical induction takes place at great distances. 1849Noad Electricity (ed. 3) 187 The intensity of voltaic Electricity, as compared with statical, is exceedingly low. 1870R. M. Ferguson Electricity 107 Galvanic electricity..can be made to manifest the attractions and repulsions of statical electricity.
c. statical chemistry: see quot.
1866Odling Anim. Chem. i. 1 (heading) Statical chemistry concerned only with the composition of parts... Dynamical chemistry concerned with the changes of composition undergone by various parts from time to time.
5. transf. and fig. Of or pertaining to a fixed or stable condition, as distinguished from a state of progress or change.
1855G. Brimley Ess. (1858) 196 Of all science viewed in its statical aspect, apart from the experience of change and the idea of cause, this classification, naming, and definition are the ultimate processes. 1874Fiske Cosmic Philos. II. 371 The crude philosophies current..take what we may call a statical view of things. Hence they suppose that God created the world a few thousand years ago in nearly the same condition in which we now behold it. 1886Maine Pop. Govt. 47 The fund by which the life of the human race..is sustained, is never in a statical condition.
6. Math. Concerned with magnitude alone, without regard to direction. rare.
1859A. J. Ellis in Proc. R. Soc. X. 87 The object of the statical algebra of fractions is to reduce all combinations of numerical fractions to numerical fractions... This algebra applied to geometry allows of the investigation of all statical relations.
7. Med. Structural, organic.
1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 236 In most cases, however, our power to remove a cause by drugs ceases as soon as it consists of definite statical tissue change. 1898Ibid. V. 481 We have in this chapter to deal with anæmia in its dynamical rather than in its statical aspects. |