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单词 decade
释义 I. decade|ˈdɛkeɪd, -əd|
Also 7–9 decad.
[a. F. decade (14th c. in Littré), ad. L. decas, decad-em, a. Gr. δεκάς, δεκάδα, a group of ten, f. δέκα ten. Cf. decad.]
1. a. An assemblage, group, set, or series of ten.
1594Plat Jewell-ho. iii. 81 Your subiectes must consist of Decades, whereof the first is a man, and the fifth a woman.1612R. Sheldon Serm. St. Martin's 41 Of which some bring into this Kingdome Decades of thousands.1679T. Pierce (title), A decad of Caveats to the people of England.1725Pope Odyss. xvi. 265 Can we engage, not decads, but an host?1830Godwin Cloudesley III. xv. 298 His prisoners were divided into two decads.1830D'Israeli Chas. I, III. xiv. 301 In two hours, our fervid innovator drew up that decade of propositions.1872O. Shipley Gloss. Eccl. Terms s.v. Beads 61 The practice of saying fifteen decades of the Ave Maria, with one Our Father after each decade, was invented by St. Dominic.
b. (i) A set of resistors (or capacitors or inductors) connected so as to provide a resistance of any integral value between one and ten times the lowest at a single setting of a switch, etc.; a decade is usu. one of several in a box which cover successive multiples of ten in value (so decade box, etc.).
1911W. H. Timbie Elem. Electr. v. 121 (caption) Wheatstone bridge, ‘decade’ form.Ibid., The coils composing the variable resistance are arranged in such an ingenious way that 10 variations in value in each ‘decade’ or row are made by the use of only 4 coils.Ibid. 122 One decade represents 1000-ohm steps, the next 100-ohm steps, etc. This gives a total range in the four decades of 9999 ohms, by one-ohm steps.1952Terman & Pettit Electronic Measurem. (ed. 2) xiv. 615 In grouping condensers together to form decade units, it is desirable to employ the smallest possible number of condensers.1952F. K. Harris Electr. Measurem. vii. 229 There may be ten 1-ohm coils for the unit decade, ten 10-ohm coils for the ten decade, etc.Ibid. 231 The switching arrangement most common in decade resistance boxes..is the rotary switch having brushes which bear on contact studs.
(ii) A set of ten electronic devices each used to represent a digit in the counting of pulses. So decade counter, decade system, etc.
1948Sci. News VII. 118 Each accumulator contains 10 decade counters and each decade counter 10 gadgets with the..name ‘flip-flop’.Ibid. 119 The ten flip-flops within a decade counter represent from left to right the digits 0 to 9, while the whole decade represents one place of a ten-digit number.1952Electronic Engin. XXIV. 376 With a suitably larger power supply there is no limit to the number of decade units which can be used.1958Engineering 28 Mar. 389/3 The pulses are counted by a three decade system using multi-cathode discharge tubes which display in a digital form the measured voltage.1963B. Fozard Instrumentation Nucl. Reactors viii. 88 The display for each decade consists of ten neon lamps arranged in a vertical column corresponding to the numbers 0 to 9.
2. spec.
a. Short for ‘decade of years’; a period of ten years.
1605T. Hutton Reasons for Refusal 121 So many tens or decads of yeares.1709J. Palmer Latter Day Glory 112 That Decad of Years in which the Empire ceased.1869Rawlinson Anc. Hist. 296 The war..might still have continued for another decade of years.
c1655T. Dugard in S. Ashe Fun. Serm. (1655) 71 His smoother brow..made me hope that He might raise eight Decads to a Century.1837Hallam Hist. Lit. I. i. §19 In the second decad of the 12th Cent.1864Tennyson Aylmer's F. 82 Since Averill was a decad and a half His elder.1878Dowden Stud. Lit. 1 The last decade of that century.
b. A period of ten days, substituted for the week in the French Republican calendar of 1793.
1798Anti-Jacobin in Spirit Public Jrnls. (1799) II. 43 In the course of the next decade I shall sail to the canal which is now cutting across the Isthmus of Suez.1801Dupré Neolog. Fr. Dict. 71 Three decades make a month of thirty days.
3. A division of a literary work, containing ten books or parts; as the decades of Livy.
1475Bk. Noblesse 53 I rede in the Romayns stories of Titus Livius, in the booke of the first decade.1555Eden (title), The Decades of the newe worlde or West India.1594(title), Diana: or the excellent conceitful Sonnets of H. C[onstable]..Deuided into viij Decads.1651Walton Reliq Wotton. (1672) 46 'Tis the first Epistle in his Printed Decads.1789Mrs. Piozzi Journ. France I. 394 He was a blockhead, and burned Livy's decads.1840Macaulay Ranke Ess. 1851 II. 139 It is now as hopelessly lost as the second decade of Livy.1882Encycl. Brit. XIV. 726/1 (Livy), The division into decades is certainly not due to the author himself, and is first heard of at the end of the 5th century.
4. Comb. decade-day = décadi; decade-ring, a finger-ring having ten projections or knobs for counting the repetition of so many Aves.
1798Anti-Jacobin in Spir. Public Jrnls. (1799) II. 134 When father had been keeping his Decade-day, as he calls it (for we had no Sundays now, though we did no work).1861C. W. King Ant. Gems (1866) 296 The decade rings of medieval times..are readily known by their having ten projections like short cogs on their circumference, representing so many Aves, whilst the round head, engraved with I.H.S., stands for the Pater Noster.
II. deˈcade, decaid, v. Sc. Obs.
[ad. L. dēcad-ĕre decay.]
To fall down, fail.
15..Aberdeen Reg. (Jamieson).
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