| 释义 |
▪ I. † acˈcelerate, ppl. a. Obs. rare—1.
[ad. L. accelerāt-us pa. pple. of accelerā-re to quicken; f. ac- = ad- to + celer swift.]
Quickened, hastened.
1527Gardiner in Pocock Rec. Ref. I. xxxviii. 73 Whose expedition we desire your grace may be the more accelerate.
▪ II. accelerate, v.|ækˈsɛləreɪt|
[f. prec. or on analogy of vbs. so formed; see -ate3.]
1. trans.
a. To quicken, or add to the speed of (a motion or process).
1601Sir A. Sherley Trav. into Persia (1613) 4 My iourney was under-taken in the dead of winter, and I left no paines untaken to accelerat it. 1771Junius Lett. xlii. 223 Every step accelerates the rapidity of the descent. 1791Hamilton tr. Berthollet's Art of Dyeing I. i. §1. iii. 57 Light greatly accelerates the combustion of colouring matter. 1873Buckle Civilis. III. v. 319 The selfishness of the individual accelerates the progress of the community.
b. To quicken (anything) in motion or process. To increase the speed of (a railway train, motor-car, motor-engine, etc.); also absol. (cf. sense 3).
1631R. Brathwait Whimzies 62 Elevate that tripode; sublimate that pipkin..accelerate your crucible. 1797Encycl. Brit. II. 492/1 After conjunction Jupiter will again accelerate Saturn. 1888Boy's Own Paper (Summer No.) 43/2 He made..imperceptible changes in the speed of the train, accelerated it or diminished it so steadily. 1902A. C. Harmsworth et al. Motors xv. 328 To accelerate a little when wishing to change..will assist very materially in accomplishing the change of speed successfully. 1919B. H. Davies Motor Driving 52 The expansion of the cushions of compressed air accelerates them on their downward strokes. 1924Motor 21 Oct. 578/1 Everybody accelerating all they knew to reach the corner first.
c. Physics. To impart high velocities to charged particles (as electrons) by electrical or magnetic means.
1931Physical Rev. XXXVIII. 2021 The electric field between tubes is always in a direction to accelerate the ions as they pass from..one tube to..the next.
2. a. To hasten the occurrence of (an event); to bring it nearer, by quickening intervening processes, or by shortening the interval.
1525–30More De quat. Nouiss. Wks. 1557, 101 Their maner of liuing must nedes accelerate this dredfull day, & drawe it shortly to them. 1662Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 68 Change of air and diet..are conceived to have accelerated his death. 1772–84Cook Voyages (1790) VI. 2216 The intelligence we had gained..rendered us the more anxious to accelerate our departure. 1875Stubbs Const. Hist. III. xviii. 87 The commons accelerated the grant of a tenth..due at Martinmas.
b. To place earlier in point of time, to antedate.
1855Milman Lat. Christ. (1864) I. i. ii. 72 Deliberate invention..in defiance of history, accelerated the baptism of Constantine.
3. intr. To add to one's speed, to increase in speed, or become swifter.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 194 Putrefaction..shall retard or accelerate according to the subject and season of the year. 1868W. R. Greg Lit. & Soc. Judg. 419 This deterioration still continues, if even it does not accelerate.
▸ trans. Educ. (orig. and chiefly N. Amer.). To advance (a student or group of students) through a course of study more rapidly than is usual, esp. because of exceptional ability. Also intr. (of a student, etc.): to make comparatively rapid progress in this way.
1916L. M. Terman Measurem. of Intelligence v. 74 The school tends to promote children by age rather than ability... It is the bright children who are retarded, and the dull children who are accelerated. 1958A. H. Passow in N. B. Henry Educ. for Gifted i. x. 212 Numerous means have been used to accelerate students, either as individuals or in special groups. 1970Diss. Abstr. Internat. 31 2015 a, The purpose of this study was to investigate whether academically talented students accelerated in elementary school would show any significant differences in their academic achievement. 1987A. Munro Progress of Love v. 166 Clayton was sixteen, Kevin fourteen. Two years apart in age but three years apart in school, because Clayton was accelerated and Kevin was not. 1992Globe & Mail (Toronto) 6 Aug. 1/2 Promising no more than three students to a teacher, Sylvan offers parents the hope that their children will catch up to or accelerate past their regular schoolmates. 2000C. Finnan & J. D. Swanson Accelerating Learning of All Students ii. 20 Gifted students are accelerated because they have already demonstrated achievement. |