| 释义 |
▪ I. declaim, v.|dɪˈkleɪm|
Also 5–7 -clame, 7 -claime, -clayme.
[Formerly declame, ad. L. dēclāmāre, f. de- I. 3 + clāmāre to cry: subseq. assimilated to claim. Cf. F. déclamer (1549 in Hatzf.).]
I. intr.
1. To speak aloud with studied rhetorical force and expression; to make a speech on a set subject or theme as an exercise in public oratory or disputation.
b. To recite with elocutionary or rhetorical effect (chiefly U.S.).
1552Huloet, Declame or exercise fayned argument in pleadynge, vsed among lawers called mooting. 1553T. Wilson Rhet. 83 When you and I declamed together last. 1641Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 11, I offered at my first exercise in the Hall, and answered my opponent: and upon the 11th following, declaimed in the Chapel before the Master, Fellows and Scholars, according to the custom. 1748J. Mason Elocut. 11 A Weakness of Voice; which he cured by frequently declaiming on the Sea-Shore, amidst the Noise of the Waves. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, First Visit Wks. (Bohn) II. 10 Wordsworth, standing apart, and reciting to me..like a schoolboy declaiming.
2. to declaim against: to speak in an impassioned oratorical manner in reprobation or condemnation of; to inveigh against.
1611B. Jonson Catiline iv. ii, What are his mischiefs, consul? You declaim Against his manners, and corrupt your own. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. i. vi. 21 Thus is it the humour of many heads to extoll the dayes of their forefathers, and declaime against the wickednesse of times present. 1855Prescott Philip II, I. ii. ix. 239 They loudly declaimed against the King's insincerity. 1880L. Stephen Pope viii. 196 A generous patriot declaiming against the growth of luxury.
3. To speak aloud in an impassioned oratorical manner, with appeals to the emotions rather than the reason of the audience; to harangue.
1735Berkeley Def. Free-thinking Math. §33 Instead of giving a reason you declaim. 1759Sterne Tr. Shandy I. xl, Let him declaim as pompously as he chooses upon the subject. 1833H. Martineau Brooke Farm ii. 27 Tom Webster bustled and declaimed, while Sergeant Rayne quietly argued. 1884R. Glover in Christian World 9 Oct. 766/3 To declaim is more easy than to convince.
b. quasi-trans. with extension.
1755Monitor 16 Aug. ⁋2 Some late patriots..declaimed themselves into power.
II. trans.
†4. To discuss aloud; to debate. Obs. rare—1.
(The early date of the quotation, so long before the verb is otherwise known in Eng. or French, as well as the sense, is notable.)
Chaucer Troylus ii. 1198 As þey declamede [4 MSS. 1410–25; Harl. 3943 declarid] þis matere, Lo Troylus..Come rydende.
5. To speak or utter aloud with studied rhetorical expression; to repeat or recite rhetorically.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. ii. (1586) 49 Weriyng you with the declaimyng of my poore skill in the tilling of the feelde. a1716South Serm. VIII. 82 (T.) Whoever strives to beget, or foment in his heart, such [malignant] persuasions concerning God, makes himself the devil's orator, and declaims his cause. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. i, He then declaimed the following passage rather with too much than too little emphasis. 1885R. L. Stevenson in Contemp. Rev. 555 In declaiming a so-called iambic verse, it may so happen that we never utter one iambic foot.
†6. = declaim against; to decry, denounce. Obs.
1614T. Adams Devil's Banquet 42 This Banket then..is at once declared and declaimed, spoken of and forbidden. 1623Cockeram, Declaime, to speake ill of.
Hence deˈclaiming vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1577[see 5]. 1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 931 He used otherwhiles to goe downe to the water side..for to exercise himselfe in declaiming. 1656Artif. Handsom. 95 Humane fallacies and declaymings. 1701Rowe Amb. Step-Moth. iv. i. 1684 Yield much matter to declaiming flatterers. 1735Berkeley Def. Free-thinking Math. §11 In the same manner as any declaiming bigot would defend transubstantiation.
▪ II. deˈclaim, n. rare—1.
[f. the vb.]
= declamation.
1922T. Hardy Late Lyrics 165, I went where my friend had lectioned The prophets in high declaim. |