All will have towbars fitted to reduce the impact of a rear-end collision.

In the event of a rear-end collision (admittedly unlikely in the circumstances), her neck could have rolled back over the headrest, causing potentially serious injury.

Another passenger train overran signals and was in a rear-end collision.

Cars 3454 and 3478 had been involved in a high-speed, rear-end collision.

During a rear-end collision, the presence of an effective head restraint behind the occupants head can limit the differential movement of the head and torso.