The panel said that many of the swimmer's contentions and positions were 'unfounded and invalid' and that his avoiding an antidoping rule violation had been 'a closerun thing'.

However, 'the manipulation of the samples themselves could lead to an antidoping rule violation and sanctions'.

It was a clear rules violation, caused by human error, and it left the organisers with no option.

However, before he could sign his card, he was informed of a potential rules violation on the par-five 12th hole and was driven off in a buggy to investigate.

From these it produces a report of design rule violations that the designer may or may not choose to correct.