Just before she reached the age of 2 she received a gastrostomy (a surgical incision into the stomach).

Alternatively, an open biopsy can be performed by obtaining the muscle tissue through a small surgical incision.

In severe or non-resolving cases, surgical incision and drainage may be required.

On the other hand, the weakness may be caused by surgical incision through the muscles of the abdominal/thoracic wall.

This protocol requires that three sequential events must be completed prior to surgical incision in order to reduce iatrogenic errors and postoperative complications.