Within 72 hours of beginning his house arrest the court-ordered breath-alcohol testing device detected alcohol on his breath.

He created a small, portable testing device that he could use after the pool closed at night.

An increasingly used field sobriety test involves having the suspect breathe into a small, handheld breath testing device.

While investigators found slight flaws with the labels on some of the cheaper products, the actual testing devices were fine.

Early testing devices relied on breath samples collected in bags attached to crystal-filled tubes which underwent a colour change dependent upon the level of alcohol detected.