This meant the bugs took four years to complete a breeding cycle.

These disrupt the breeding cycle but may take time to be effective and will need to be repeated.

Ideal conditions allowed the fleas' eggs to hatch quickly and escalated the breeding cycle.

Many benthic crustaceans have a non-seasonal breeding cycle, and some raise their young in a brood pouch.

They reproduce every two to three years, and only produce one or two offspring per breeding cycle.