| 单词 | carbon |
| 释义 | carbon (kɑːʳbən ) Word forms: carbons 1. uncountable noun B2 Carbon is a chemical element that diamonds and coal are made up of. 2. uncountable noun Carbon is short for carbon dioxide. Research has noticed a reduction in the ability of the oceans to absorb carbon. ...carbon emissions. 3. countable noun A carbon is a sheet of carbon paper. He inserted the paper and two carbons. Idioms: a carbon copy a person or thing that is very similar to someone or something else My biggest fear was that I'd become a carbon copy of my mother. . Easy Learning Idioms Dictionary. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers Collocations: carbon composite It is made from lightweight carbon composite fibres that improve efficiency and use 25 per cent less fuel than older models. Times, Sunday Times (2015) The difference comes in the add-ons fashioned from carbon composite. Times, Sunday Times (2012) Alumina-activated carbon composite has been synthesized and studied for adsorption procion red dye. 2015, 'Alumina-Activated Carbon Composite as Adsorbent of Procion Red Dye from Wastewater Songket Industry', Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research At the same time the soil quickly becomes more fertile as it accumulates carbon compounds. Times, Sunday Times These molecules composed primarily of fused rings of carbon (either neutral or in an ionized state) are said to be the most common class of carbon compound in the galaxy. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Curiosity will search for the third by analysing sediment that could have preserved organic carbon compounds, but progress will be relatively slow. Times, Sunday Times During photosynthesis, for example, primary producers form organic carbon compounds out of carbon dioxide and inorganic matter. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 These reduced carbon compounds can be used as an energy source by the autotroph and provide the energy in food consumed by heterotrophs. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 In their lab they applied heat and pressure to water with a high carbon content - and diamonds emerged. The Sun The liquid metal was fed into a steel furnace, where the iron's carbon content was reduced and impurities removed, producing raw steel. Times, Sunday Times But most of these are mineral-based, and will have a higher carbon content than wood and biomass fuels. Times, Sunday Times Furthermore, even if it were practicable, surely it would be better to preserve areas of forest with the highest biodiversity value, rather than on the basis of carbon content alone. Times, Sunday Times Steroids produced naturally in the body have a heavier carbon content than synthetic substances but, until now, it has been difficult to measure the different carbon ratios. Times, Sunday Times Deforestation accounts for around 20 per cent of global carbon emissions, greater than the world's entire transport system. Times, Sunday Times I was looking at maybe one tenth of 1 per cent of all our energy production and an even smaller impact on carbon emissions. Times, Sunday Times We knew that switching off lights would save money and carbon emissions and give us a better view of the night sky. Times, Sunday Times Critics say it will also increase carbon emissions and drivers' fuel costs. The Sun Transport and infrastructure would operate more cost-effectively, and carbon emissions per head of population would be reduced. Times,Sunday Times In comparison, carbon energy produced 14.3 per cent and nuclear 20.9 per cent. Times, Sunday Times But the idea will anger environmental groups, who warn that it will undermine green targets and deter investment in low carbon energy generation. Times, Sunday Times A diverse supply of low carbon energy at fair prices. The Sun We need as low a carbon energy mix as possible, with nuclear working alongside renewables and gas. Times, Sunday Times It claimed that the rise was necessary because of rising wholesale energy prices and the need to invest in new sources of low carbon energy. Times, Sunday Times If you hate the taste, use a carbon filter or leave water for 30 minutes after pouring to let the chlorine evaporate. The Sun In larger commercial printers and copiers, a carbon filter in the air exhaust stream breaks down these oxides to prevent pollution of the office environment. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 This consists of 3 ozone generators and 18 carbon filter chambers. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 A two stage 0.5 micrometre activated carbon filter should also be considered among other methods available. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The base drawer has a carbon filter that neutralizes the odors. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The full carbon frame makes it superlight, a little more than 17lb 10oz. Times, Sunday Times The upper body was made of aluminium, mechanically bonded and glued to the lower carbon frame. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 For example in bicyclo2.2.1heptane the carbon frame contains a total of 7 atoms, hence the parent name heptane. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The 5000 frameset (monocoque carbon frame plus bonded aluminum fork) had an advertised weight of 3.3 lb. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 They all contain a carbon frame, and have hydrogen atoms attached to the frame. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The laser ablation technique can identify diet because food types contain different types of carbon isotope signal. Times, Sunday Times This theory could better explain the observed carbon isotope level in period deposits than other theories such as volcanic activity. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The carbon isotope ratio of natural gas also suggests that hydrogen from water has been added during creation of the gas. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 One argument for abiogenic oil cites the high carbon depletion of methane as stemming from the observed carbon isotope depletion with depth in the crust. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 These include boron and carbon isotope ratios in certain types of marine sediments, and the number of stomata observed on fossil plant leaves. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 At the time, the site’s carbon levels hovered around 315 ppm, but by 2013, they had surpassed 400 ppm. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 As carbon levels continue to rise at a rate of around three ppm, such occurrences could become dangerously commonplace. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Experts say they will also help reduce carbon levels, curbing climate change. The Sun The tensions between national and global interests caused by rising carbon levels constitute the great political and intellectual challenge of the age. Times, Sunday Times The rainforest has a crucial role in absorbing carbon and pumping oxygen into the atmosphere - and the fires and deforestation add to carbon levels. Times, Sunday Times Similarly, with fullerenes, a form of carbon molecule with hollow atoms discovered in the 1980s and now used in biomedicine. Times,Sunday Times They are also the most common class of carbon molecule in meteorites and in cometary and asteroidal dust (cosmic dust). Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The experimental evidence, a strong peak at 720 atomic mass units, indicated that a carbon molecule with 60 carbon atoms was forming, but provided no structural information. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Those traits together mean the thin, one-atom-thick sheets of carbon molecules can be applied in lots of ways. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Scientists say life would require three prerequisites: water, energy and complex carbon molecules. Times, Sunday Times The farther a city expands, the greater its carbon output as more people travel, often by car. Times, Sunday Times But cuts that postpone progress towards lower carbon output will prove ruinously expensive in the long run. Times, Sunday Times Governments have focused their attention on mitigation - reducing their carbon output - and more recently on transition - redeveloping existing assets to ensure carbon control. Times, Sunday Times And the five leaders who agreed to do some extra talking represented 90 per cent of the world's carbon output. Times, Sunday Times But they are not the breakthrough that the transport sector needs to play its part in cutting global carbon output. Times, Sunday Times The system involves a new type of concrete that contains steel shavings and carbon particles. The Sun These chemicals coat the outside of tiny carbon particles emitted by diesel cars. Times, Sunday Times Past work has shown that the carbon particles can be drawn deep into the lungs, but it was not known whether they were themselves problematic. Times, Sunday Times If this simulation reflects the movement of carbon particles from engine exhausts, we have even more reason to urgently reduce air pollution. Times, Sunday Times While smaller particles are readily transported by the lubrication system, larger carbon particles may abrade components with close tolerances. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Tackling climate change may be daunting, and positive news can seem thin on the ground, but there are success stories of countries reducing carbon pollution. Times,Sunday Times Which means that even if states do nothing, cities can have a huge impact on carbon pollution. Times, Sunday Times You won't notice it, but just one degree cooler has a big impact on your carbon pollution. The Sun Unless governments drastically curtail the number of permits in the future by forcing companies to pay for them, the cost of carbon pollution will continue to fall. Times, Sunday Times In the end it could be nothing more than unregulated carbon pollution. Times, Sunday Times We alone seem obsessed with carbon reduction. Times, Sunday Times (2013) Each year we have a carbon reduction week for patients and staff. Times, Sunday Times (2008) It does not take account of the vast sums required to meet carbon reduction targets. Times, Sunday Times (2011) In biotin-prototrophic fungi, peroxisome-deficient mutants exhibit growth defects when grown on glucose as a carbon source due to biotin auxotrophy. 2013, 'Expanding functional repertoires of fungal peroxisomes: contribution to growth and survival processes', Frontiers in Physiology Lactate served as the electron donor and carbon source for the synthesis of caproate. 2018, 'Reproducible, high-yielding, biological caproate production from food waste using a single-phase anaerobic reactor system', Biotechnology for Biofuels The isolation media contained either glucose or diuron as carbon source. 2017, 'Diuron degradation by bacteria from soil of sugarcane crops', Heliyon Fermentative processes were conducted with liquid media containing only xylose as the carbon source. 2018, 'Xylose fermentation to ethanol by new Galactomyces geotrichum and Candida akabanensis strains', PeerJ The bacterium continually produced rhamnolipids when nourished with n-hexadecane as its lone carbon source. 2019, 'Structure elucidation and proposed de novo synthesis of an unusual mono-rhamnolipid by Pseudomonas guguanensis from Chennai Port area', Scientific Reports After cure the cello and mandrel are removed leaving a hollow carbon tube. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 A dent in a metal tube or crack in a carbon tube significantly weakens the tube. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The lesser density means the tubes of crafted hardwood bikes and tubes of bamboo have thicker walls than a metal or carbon tube of similar strength would. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Today he takes on 150 rivals from across the globe who will use tripods and lightweight carbon tubes to hit a dartboardsized putty target from 12ft. The Sun The viruses work like miniature robots, recognising and binding only to certain materials - in this case tiny carbon tubes - to form themselves into conductive 'nanowires'. Times, Sunday Times This would translate into a roughly fivefold increase in carbon uptake compared with the non-glacial sediment, the team calculated. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Shredding this dry material will enable better aeration and carbon uptake. Times, Sunday Times C in the atmosphere suggests a higher biospheric carbon uptake. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Estimates of total net carbon uptake by crusts globally are 3.9 pg/year (2.1-7.4 pg/year). Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Interactions with the atmosphere also influence the rate of carbon uptake from other systems. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 They said the capability of underground caverns to contain carbon dioxide has been drastically over-estimated. Times, Sunday Times There are an immense number of distinct compounds that contain carbon atoms. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 For example, a perfect crystal of diamond would only contain carbon atoms, but a real crystal might perhaps contain a few boron atoms as well. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Most such materials contain carbon and are capable of decay. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The most common fuels contain carbon along with combinations of hydrogen and oxygen. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 This means that less gas and electricity are used to heat the buildings and less carbon is emitted. Times, Sunday Times (2010) We can put the fossil carbon back - at a price. Times, Sunday Times Fifty-five million years ago there was a release of fossil carbon comparable with that on which we have now embarked. Times, Sunday Times Biomass briquettes are a renewable source of energy and avoid adding fossil carbon to the atmosphere. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 But if some of the organic carbon is taken out, some of the oxygen is surplus to requirements. Eating the Sun: How Plants Power the Planet (2007) This burial of organic carbon allowed the release of oxygen into the environment. Eating the Sun: How Plants Power the Planet (2007) Moisture content, through control of organic carbon and anoxia, seemed to govern trends in methanogen biomass. 2012, 'Archaeol: An Indicator of Methanogenesis in Water-Saturated Soils', Archaea The easy mineralizable pool varies between 1.6 and 7.6% of the total organic carbon of soils. 2009, 'Statut organique et respiration microbienne des sols du nord de la Tunisie', Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement Total organic carbon was completely removed by the coupled electro-oxidation/ozonation process. 2016, 'Comparison of AOPs Efficiencies on Phenolic Compounds Degradation', Journal of Chemistry The expertise exists within the fossil fuel industries to pump carbon into these voids. Times,Sunday Times The oil industry can pump carbon dioxide released by coal-fired power stations into safe underground storage using routine technology. Times, Sunday Times Consequently, these two processes act together to pump carbon from the atmosphere into the ocean's interior. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 They pump carbon dioxide gas into her room to knock her out as she sleeps. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Experts said that reefs could be wiped out entirely by 2050 if we keep pumping carbon into the air at the current rate. Times, Sunday Times About 27 billion tonnes of pure carbon dioxide are pumped into the atmosphere every year - equivalent to 7.3 billion tonnes of pure carbon. Times, Sunday Times This breaks down the complex organic molecules, producing syngas, which can be used as fuel, and leaving behind virtually pure carbon. Times, Sunday Times The researchers believe that pure carbon came together amid this molten metal to form the large diamonds. Times, Sunday Times The pure carbon found in the ash can be used in water filters, while magnetically charged particles can help to shield complex electronics from electromagnetic interference. Times, Sunday Times The fossil, in the end, consists of a thin layer of pure carbon or its mineralized form, graphite. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 If it thaws out, microbes will break down soil organic material to release carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 As these finicky little fungi grow and divide, they breathe in oxygen and release carbon dioxide like we do. Smithsonian Mag Forests release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when cut down or burnt. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Planaria receive oxygen and release carbon dioxide by diffusion. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 However, volcanic eruptions also release carbon dioxide, which plants can convert to oxygen. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 This will sequester carbon dioxide at the rate of 1m tons a year. Times, Sunday Times Rather than indiscriminately using poisonous agri-chemicals, farmers should be encouraged to sequester carbon in the soil and provide habitat for wildlife. Times, Sunday Times Doing so would not only delay spate conditions but would increase biodiversity, sequester carbon, add to the economy of the uplands, improve public access and bring variety to the landscape. Times, Sunday Times In addition to the water itself, the ecosystems of the oceans also sequester carbon. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Complaints focus on the environmental impacts of coal extraction, high costs to sequester carbon, and uncertainty of how to manage end result pollutants and radionuclides. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The vast stores of soil carbon were released into the atmosphere, adding greatly to greenhouse gases. Times, Sunday Times Since then there have been several other reports of ectomycorrhizal fungi reducing activity and decomposition rates of free-living decomposers and thereby increasing soil carbon storage. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Soil carbon improves the physical properties of soil. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Mycorrhizal soil inoculation increases soil carbon accumulation by depositing glomalin, which increases soil structure by binding organic matter to mineral particles. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Increasing temperatures facilitate the transfer of soil carbon to growing vegetation on the surface. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 For example, as long as a tree lives it will absorb and store carbon. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 More trees can also support rural employment, store carbon, improve biodiversity and offer recreational opportunities. Times, Sunday Times Net zero means that any emissions are balanced by systems that remove and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Times, Sunday Times The priorities must be to reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency; then to use low-carbon energy and to capture and store carbon. Times,Sunday Times Deforestation has increased world emissions by 18 per cent because trees and other plants store carbon. Times, Sunday Times Translations: Chinese: 碳 Japanese: 炭素 |
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