The resulting oxidative stress can overload the skin’s built-in antioxidant network and cause cellular damage.

During the day, environmental stressors generate internal debris within cells that prevents them from functioning effectively and eventually causes cellular damage.

Newer indicators such as fluro-3 and rhod-2 respond to a 488-nm argon laser, which induces very little cellular damage.

This leads to osmotic imbalance, which results in cellular damage.

Cellular damage has reportedly been found in concussed brains, but it may have been due to artifacts from the studies.