Further, my boss seemed intent on retraining me according to a certain cognitive style - that of the corporate world, from which he had recently come.

However, they, too, are criticised by scholars as containing an element of ability and so may not measure cognitive style alone.

Cognitive style differs from cognitive ability (or level), the latter being measured by aptitude tests or so-called intelligence tests.

Authoritarianism and its relationship with intuitive-experiential cognitive style and heuristic processing.

These manifest as individual differences in intelligence, creativity, cognitive style, motivation and the capacity to process information, communicate, and relate to others.