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单词 decrease
释义
decrease
Word forms: decreases, decreasing , decreased pronunciation note:   The verb is pronounced (dɪkrs ). The noun is pronounced (dkriːs ).
1. verb B1+
When something decreases or when you decrease it, it becomes less in quantity, size, or intensity.
Population growth is decreasing by 1.4% each year. [VERB + by]
The number of independent firms decreased from 198 to 96. [VERB + from/to]
Raw-steel production by the nation's mills decreased 2.1% last week. [VERB amount]
Since 1945 air forces have decreased in size. [VERB + in]
Gradually decrease the amount of vitamin C you are taking. [VERB noun]
We've got stable labor, decreasing interest rates, low oil prices. [VERB-ing]
Synonyms: drop, decline, lessen, contract  
2. countable noun B1+
A decrease in the quantity, size, or intensity of something is a reduction in it.
...a decrease in the number of young people out of work. [+ in]
Bank base rates have fallen from 10 per cent to 6 per cent–a decrease of 40 per cent. [+ of]
Synonyms: lessening, decline, reduction, loss  
Collocations:
activity decreases
This activity decreases somewhat further north in the state, but even the far north of the state reports thunder on about 60 days per year.
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At this point, neural activity decreases greatly; the continual blockade of receptors only compounds this effect.
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In the batch process, the enzyme activity decreases over time, so flow must be carefully monitored and adjusted over time to maintain conversion.
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Dopaminergic activity decreases with repeated stimulus presentation.
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This activity decreases as neurons mature.
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decrease demand
The costs incurred by increasing fire testing made cellulose more expensive and the bad publicity helped decrease demand.
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Instead, he believes, there are simply fewer people travelling, owing to widespread redundancies and a decreased demand for global business travel.
Times, Sunday Times
Decreased demand amid the global economic downturn plus a glut of gas supplies have undermined the rationale for developing new gas projects.
Times, Sunday Times
This decreasing demand could give us time to plan and implement the low-carbon energy economy.
Times, Sunday Times
The quantity of the demand varies inversely with the price: a higher price decreases demand.
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decrease dramatically
The cost of hauling goods by rail decreased dramatically because of improved track construction and the introduction of powerful locomotives that could haul more cars.
Divine, Robert A. (editor) & Breen, T. H & Frederickson, George M & Williams, R. Hal America Past and Present (1995)
Domestic film production has decreased dramatically in recent years.
Times, Sunday Times (2006)
The plasma carcinoembryonic antigen also decreased dramatically.
Kuo-Hsing Chen, Chang-Tsu Yuan, Li-Hui Tseng, Chia-Tung Shun, Kun-Huei Yeh 2016, 'Case report: mismatch repair proficiency and microsatellite stability in gastric cancer may not predict programmed death-1 blockade resistance', Journal of Hematology & Oncology
decrease drastically
This would cause the global temperature to decrease drastically.
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But it decreases drastically with age.
The Sun
Essentially an agricultural community, the island's population has decreased drastically since 1950.
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The level of incoming orders decreased drastically as a result of the financial crisis.
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By transferring information from restricted access to a more open public sphere, information transaction costs have decreased drastically.
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decrease efficiency
These calculators often alert the researcher if a particular primer pair can form dimers, or if a given primer will form hairpins, both of which can decrease efficiency.
The Scientist
The weakness begins at the top and works its way down in layers of ever decreasing efficiency.
Times, Sunday Times
The same research shows that increased funding correlates with decreased efficiency.
Times, Sunday Times
This philosophy keeps the cost and throughput models at odds with one another since the subordination process necessarily decreases efficiency.
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Every extra phosphor added to the coating mix improves color rendering but decreases efficiency and increases cost.
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decrease gradually
The points are initially worth double their original value and decrease gradually over this two-year period.
Globe and Mail
Elevations decrease gradually, from about 800 meters (2,600 ft) in the north to about 500 meters (1,600 ft) in the south.
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The efficiency of all endocrine glands seems to decrease gradually as aging occurs.
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The overall error rate has decreased gradually over the last year.
Times, Sunday Times
After a peak population (10,778 persons) in 1961 it decreased gradually by the influence of cold-weather damage to agriculture.
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decrease markedly
For most patients these side effects are uncomfortable but mild and decrease markedly after the first 24 weeks of use except for increased sensitivity to sunlight.
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Not only did agility improve, but costs decreased markedly and quality improved.
Times, Sunday Times
The number of asteroids decreases markedly with size.
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Since then, though, this number has decreased markedly.
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Later on the 24th, shear had decreased markedly.
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decrease pain
In this treatment, currents are used to stimulate nerves and decrease pain.
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Increased levels of free adenosine temporarily decrease pain, allowing over exertion without awareness.
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This increase in circulation has been shown effective in various clinical studies to decrease pain in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
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Physical therapy has been shown to significantly improve function, decrease pain, and delay need for surgical intervention in advanced cases.
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A complicating issue may be a narrow therapeutic window; lower doses decrease pain but higher doses have the opposite effect.
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decrease production
The manual starts off with simple instructions including calling into work as to decrease production.
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So-called flexible sites allow automakers to shift production based on market demand - ramping up output of a popular one while decreasing production of a slower seller.
canada.com
This may result in formation matrix damage, adverse formation fluid interactions, or altered fracture geometry and thereby decreased production efficiency.
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Other significant effects include a slowing of cardiovascular system functions, decreased production of red blood cells, balance disorders, and a weakening of the immune system.
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Therefore, it increases part quality and decreases production costs.
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decrease productivity
The temporal change in activities of the infected individual leads to decrease productivity and visual function.
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Increased demand on staff often leads to low employee morale, decreased productivity, and increased turnover.
Christianity Today
Originally developed to explain the paradox of improved technology but decreased productivity, the theory can be applied to the design of telework.
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decrease rapidly
If shuttling occurs at a rapid pace, the fluorescence levels within the nuclear compartments will decrease rapidly through the frames taken.
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After this culminative syllable, pitch and length decrease rapidly through the end of the accent phrase.
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This makes the provided reactive power decrease rapidly when voltage decreases, thus reducing its stability.
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Fewer people vote and the statistics show that trust in democratic institutions has decreased rapidly.
Times, Sunday Times
The comedian's blood pressure and pulse decreased rapidly for at least 15 minutes before any action was taken to save her, the investigators said.
Times, Sunday Times
decrease sharply
It said that the rules imposed by the regulator would cause sales volumes and margins to 'decrease sharply' in the short-term as the local industry adjusted to the changes.
Times, Sunday Times
The price rises date originally from the foot-and-mouth crisis of 2001 when the number of sheep decreased sharply.
Times, Sunday Times
The downward flux of organic matter decreases sharply with depth, with 80-90% being consumed in the top 1000m.
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The population stagnated, and the value of all property decreased sharply.
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The average number of occupants per dwelling decreased sharply: 3.24 in 1968, 2.65 in 1982 and 2.43 in 1999.
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decrease significantly
Since 2010 the proportion of schools reporting a head teacher vacancy has decreased and the number of school leaders over the age of 50 has decreased significantly.
Times, Sunday Times (2016)
Besides, captan decreased significantly the total immunoglobulin and white blood cell counts, except for monocytes and neutrophils.
Mehdi Mohammadalikhani, Soheil Lameeihassankiadeh, Saltanat Najjar Lashgari, Firouz Abbasian 2017, 'Acute Toxicity of Captan on Blood Factors Total Immunoglobulin, Liver, and Gill Tissues of Fingerling Grass Carps: Ctenopharyngodon idella', Journal of Chemical Health Risks
The crystalinity of cellulose from the leaves, cobs, and cornhusk decreased significantly.
Wagiman Wagiman, Anas Miftah Fauzi, Jumali Mangunwidjaja, Sukardi Sukardi 2012, 'EFEK PERLAKUAN KIMIAWI DAN HIDROTERMOLISIS PADA BIOMAS TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) SEBAGAI SUBSTRAT PRODUKSI BIOETANOL The Effects of Chemical and Hydrothermolysis Pretreatment of Corn Stover Biomass (Zea mays L.) as The Bioethanol Production Substrate', Agritech
The eumelanin of the thorax and abdomen of infected individuals decreased significantly, as did the level of dopamine.
Shuqian Tan, Yang Wang, Pingping Liu, Yang Ge, Aomei Li, Yongjie Xing, David M. Hunter, Wangpeng Shi 2018, 'Increase of Albinistic Hosts Caused by Gut Parasites Promotes Self-Transmission', Frontiers in Microbiology
The mean pain score decreased significantly only in the therapeutic touch group (50.66 to 39.53 p<0.01).
Maryam Ravanipour 2004, 'A study on the efficacy of touch therapy in pain relieve after cesarean section', Iranian South Medical Journal
decrease slightly
In fact, as people start to work at home, it'll probably decrease slightly.
Times, Sunday Times
The airspeed will usually decrease slightly as a result of this.
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During the monsoon season, average temperatures decrease slightly.
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If rings were present, the star's luminosity would decrease slightly just before the planet's closest approach.
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Efficiency can decrease slightly over time due to wear.
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decrease speed
Take your foot off the gas to gradually decrease speed.
Globe and Mail
As in many other machining operations, an appropriate response to the chatter may be to decrease speed and increase feed.
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Contact with hurdles can decrease speed and also result in disruption of a hurdler's technique.
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It had speed brakes on the wing trailing edges that could be used to decrease speed or increase maneuverability.
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The plot has multiple variations that can be seen backwards, forwards, at increased or decreased speeds, and from several points of view.
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decrease spending
He wanted to decrease spending on replacing aging water facilities by 83 percent.
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He was responsible for the first budget to decrease spending in a budget year.
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One of his first actions was the proposal of a new state budget that would decrease spending by 3%.
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The supermarket said that the move was a reflection of decreasing spending power.
Times, Sunday Times
Local governments would then have to decrease spending more severely when the housing market decreased.
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decrease steadily
The pope was to see papal power decrease steadily over the next decade and was unsure about which side to back at many junctures.
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He discovered that 'the differences between both average and highest and between average and lowest have decreased steadily through the years'.
Times, Sunday Times
Yet, after its peak, attendances decreased steadily until 1927.
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Lining practices were reexamined and the regular lining of paintings as a preventive measure by practicing professional conservators decreased steadily.
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The importance of the fort decreased steadily, resulting in its slow decline.
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decrease stress
Almonds enhance problem-solving skills, improve memory and increase attention, while walnuts speed up processing of information, boost levels of serotonin and decrease stress levels.
The Sun
It has the ability to slow respiratory rates and decrease stress response in labour.
The Sun
Roses, lavender and jasmine all have scents that lower anxiety while pine trees decrease stress levels.
The Sun
These changes decrease stress on the heart by decreasing systemic resistance and increasing cardiac output, which decrease preload and afterload.
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Studies have found that meditation significantly decreases stress related cortisol secretion which protects neurons against stress and stimulates the production of new neurons.
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decrease substantially
The group said that its net debt load, which was at €19.7 billion, was likely to 'decrease substantially' by the end of the year.
Times, Sunday Times
The yield of a vine with coulure will decrease substantially.
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A gap of 11.4 per cent opens among full-time employees aged 40-49, although this has decreased substantially over time.
Times,Sunday Times
However, after 2 to 3 years, maintenance inputs decrease substantially or cease altogether as the grass cover closes up and the plot becomes a sustainable fodder source.
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Its investments in global real-estate at the market top in 2008 have also decreased substantially in value.
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decrease the effectiveness of
Also, foam on the runway may decrease the effectiveness of the landing airplane's brakes, possibly leading to it overshooting the runway.
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Motivating operations can increase or decrease the effectiveness of consequent stimuli.
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Other factors may enhance or decrease the effectiveness of entrainment.
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Floors offer the downside of coverings and furnishings that decrease the effectiveness of the system.
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This decreases the effectiveness of the method, but allows for simpler optics.
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decrease the frequency of
It can also increase or decrease the frequency of behaviors that have previously been learned.
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His goal was to decrease the frequency of the less desirable traits that occurred throughout the population.
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In some games, items can be found to increase or decrease the frequency of random encounters, even to eliminate them outright, or increase the odd of having a particular encounter.
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They are thought to decrease the frequency of haemorrhage, while other studies suggest that they do not have any effect on the course or prognosis of this disease.
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An antagonist-like molecule with low intrinsic activity (ia) decreases the frequency of channel-opening and the permeability of ions.
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decrease the incidence
Water fluoridation and fluoride supplements decrease the incidence of dental caries.
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Dairy workers should wear gloves while milking, and machines should be cleaned regularly to decrease the incidence of transmission.
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These member checks are not without fault, but serve to decrease the incidence of incorrect data and the incorrect interpretation of data.
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Pretreatment with corticosteroids has been shown to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions.
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This practice dramatically decreased the incidence of seroconversion among health workers when done under certain conditions.
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decrease the level of
It says a high-protein diet can decrease the level of abdominal fat and improve your health.
The Sun
This tended to decrease the level of royal revenues, as regents often alienated land and revenues.
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The decrease in the real wage level decreases the level of profits, and the size of surplus that could have been re-invested for more industrialization.
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Listening to chill-out tunes slows your heart rate, decreasing the level of stress hormones.
The Sun
On the other hand, eating smaller meals of the right foods actually decreases the levels of insulin in your body - meaning you won't be building up excess wobble.
The Sun
decrease the likelihood of
The audit says that it must be 'more widely available to decrease the likelihood of unnecessary re-biopsy and to improve staging and treatment decision-making for patients with potentially curable disease'.
Times, Sunday Times
Specifically, these scholars advocate some forms of nuclear proliferation, arguing that it will decrease the likelihood of war, especially in troubled regions of the world.
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The infant will be positioned to help drain secretions and decrease the likelihood of aspiration.
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However, some evidence suggests that steroids do not decrease the likelihood of developing long-term kidney disease.
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Hair conditioners can decrease the likelihood of developing greasy hair after shampooing.
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decrease the number of
Ministers were forced to decrease the number of hours suspects are restricted after the courts ruled that 18 hours amounted to house arrest.
Times, Sunday Times
That will decrease the number of proposed purchases, both because more buy limit orders will fail and because of proprietary traders.
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Cards could be played in order to increase or decrease the number of votes each citizen received.
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Players put down one card per turn attempting to decrease the number of cards in their hand while keeping the timer total under 60 seconds.
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The fog was used to obscure the distance and decrease the number of polygons that had to be drawn.
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decrease the pressure
Carbachol eyedrops are used to decrease the pressure in the eye for people with glaucoma.
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The grease head uses a series of very small pipes, called flow tubes, to decrease the pressure head of the well.
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This gives the tendon sheaths a chance to heal, reducing swelling, which then may decrease the pressure on the median nerve.
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Increasing the heart rate serves to decrease the pressure in the superior and inferior venae cavae by drawing more blood out of the right atrium.
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decrease the price
Turn a bedroom into an en suite bathroom and this actually will decrease the price of a property.
Times, Sunday Times
Local farmers are opposed to a return of mass production, which would decrease the price of truffles.
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This increased tax revenue while at the same time decreased the price of rice domestically.
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Retailers quickly decreased the price by up to 80 percent.
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This floods the market with new, highly capable educators and decreases the price of education for all.
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decrease the quality
To decrease the quality of the video the frame of image to be shown if rendered in memory with smaller resolution.
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This, of course, can drastically decrease the quality of work produced by the team.
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Any interfaces or apertures that would decrease the quality factor of the ring are avoided.
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It was thought that the noise, chemicals, and unsightly construction would decrease the quality of life for area residents.
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It turns out that the first representation results with an upper bound estimator for the second one, hence using it may dramatically decrease the quality of the calculated estimator.
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decrease the rate
In addition, some groups will increase the rate of reaction (activating) while others will decrease the rate (deactivating).
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If the pilot saw red, he were to decrease his rate of descend and immediately climb up until he was back into the green.
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This can decrease the rate of soil respiration temporarily, but the lysis of bacteria causes for a spike in resources for many other bacteria.
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Doses less than 0.5 mg should not be used, as this may further decrease the rate.
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The only limitation to these reagents are substituents at the ortho-position as small as methyl groups can decrease the rate of reaction.
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decrease the risk
They could also help to decrease the risk of certain cancers and eye disease (by absorbing some of the damaging blue light that enters the eye naturally).
Times, Sunday Times (2016)
Start taking 400 micrograms of folic acid every day to decrease the risk of neural-tube defects such as spina bifida.
Times, Sunday Times (2008)
From this information, an individualized evidence-based intervention plan can be developed to enable recovery while decreasing the risk of reinjury.
McGovern RP, Martin RL 2016, 'Managing ankle ligament sprains and tears: current opinion', Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine
decrease the supply of
These indicators tell whether to increase or decrease the supply.
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This would ultimately decrease the supply available in that market.
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The growth of the craft however, along with continued use of the wood for charcoal, started to decrease the supply of wood.
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The storm decreased the supply of the banana crop in 1997, coupled with a drought.
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Though resources are unlimited, all sources of requisition will eventually decay, dramatically decreasing their supply rate.
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decrease the value
The condition of the bottle and its label are vital; any damage can decrease the value.
Times, Sunday Times
Selling a great deal of a single good at the market will conversely decrease the value of the good.
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Some stress cracks due to time and can not be avoided, but more serious cracks or discolouration will decrease the value considerably.
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To take advantage of special situations the hedge fund manager must identify an upcoming event that will increase or decrease the value of the company's equity and equity-related instruments.
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Higher inflation decreases the value of a currency.
Houston Chronicle
dramatic decrease
But that’s still a dramatic decrease from the 19th century, when millions of tons of goods were transported.
Smithsonian Mag
This was a dramatic decrease from the 38,408 recorded in 1987.
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Sociologists and criminologists have not reached consensus on the explanation for the dramatic decrease in the city's crime rate.
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This resulted in a dramatic decrease in their mortality rate and a corresponding rarity of fossil remains.
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Quit rates showed a dramatic decrease between 4-weeks and one year.
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experience a decrease
After eight years of buy-to-let ease, landlords nationwide have been hit by increased borrowing costs; those coming off fixed-rate mortgages will undoubtedly experience a decrease in profits.
Times, Sunday Times
However, men can also experience a decrease in their libido as they age.
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With age, most people experience a decrease in the number of spinal motor neurons.
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Obviously, some congregations are experiencing a decrease in their overall church attendance.
Christianity Today
More than 180 towns experienced a decrease which hasn't happened since the mid-19th century.
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flow decreases
As pressure increases on the nerves, the blood flow decreases.
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Since the jets in venturi masks generally limit oxygen flow at 12 to 15 liters per minute the total flow decreases as the ratio decreases.
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During times of extremely high flow, the bars may become covered; only to resurface when the flow decreases.
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As we get closer to the sink, area of flow decreases.
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Lactate accumulates but, paradoxically, cerebral blood flow decreases, which leads to a proposed energy crisis.
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marked decrease
They have found a marked decrease not just in managers complaining after games but players protesting during them.
Times, Sunday Times
Sleep generally includes relaxation and so a marked decrease in muscle tension occurs.
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Supporting evidence for this proposed reaction includes the marked decrease in substrate specificity of hydrolysis upon membrane degradation.
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But the 1912 economic downturn led to a marked decrease in this activity.
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At the same time, there was a marked decrease in painted works in favor of etchings and drawings of landscapes.
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overall decrease
But the overall decrease in patrols has come as the membership has increased to 1.5m from 1.2m in 2002.
Times, Sunday Times
A 5.5 per cent slump in private housebuilding work, the biggest segment of the industry, provided the largest contribution to the overall decrease.
Times, Sunday Times
One central part of the northwest town has seen prices drop by 9% over the past 16 years - the only area in the country to have seen an overall decrease.
Times, Sunday Times
This may 'result in the perverse outcome of an overall decrease in the quality of scrutiny'.
Times, Sunday Times
The overall decrease in the number of stillbirths was credited in part to improved maternity services and greater public awareness of maternal health.
Times, Sunday Times
population decreases
With the economy slowing and 100,000 homes due for completion just as the population decreases, the economy could spiral downwards, he argues.
Times, Sunday Times
In 1960 the population decreases to 363, and to 321 in 1982.
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Meanwhile, permanent population decreases as the city condemns historical buildings for office redevelopment and evicts residents.
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Since then, the population decreases to reach its lowest level in 1946 with 249 inhabitants.
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However, those municipalities with none of these economic advantages do not see population growth and some see population decreases.
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report a decrease
This causes people to report a decrease in satisfaction.
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Nearly half the respondents, (47 per cent) reported a fall in applications, with 9 per cent reporting a decrease of more than 20 per cent.
Times, Sunday Times
In a survey, nearly half of those that are trading reported a decrease in turnover below that normally expected for this time of year.
Times,Sunday Times
The balance of companies reporting an increase in output compared with those reporting a decrease narrowed from 53 per cent to 32 per cent.
Times, Sunday Times
Fewer companies have reported a decrease in the availability of new loans in the third quarter, the survey finds.
Times, Sunday Times
sharp decrease
The airline ran into difficulties as soaring fuel costs coincided with a loss of confidence that led to a sharp decrease in bookings.
Times, Sunday Times
There was a sharp decrease in the population between 1921 and 1931, when the number of residents fell from 26 to only nine.
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The maxima result in a sharp decrease in electrical conductivity.
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A sharp decrease in the number of high energy electrons means a sharp decrease in the spectrum.
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One of the immediate results of forestry sector regulation, however, was a sharp decrease in revenues since the late 1970s.
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show a decrease
In reverse, the airspeed indicator will show a decrease in airspeed when the aircraft descends.
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Patients in the early stage of disease show a decrease in coagulation factors (e.g. platelets, prothrombin, and globulin) and an increase in circulating antithrombin.
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An estimated 75% of adults worldwide show some decrease in lactase activity during adulthood.
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Participants age 60 and older show a decrease in the degree of forward telescoping and tend to date events too remotely instead of too recently.
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Some but not all members show a decrease in width from the base.
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significant decrease
We will be watching to ensure that the stillbirth numbers do show a significant decrease.
Times, Sunday Times (2016)
He said that he felt a significant decrease in pain.
Times, Sunday Times (2015)
Research confirms that it produces a significant decrease in performance and reaction times, thus inducing calming, soporific effects.
Times, Sunday Times (2008)
Of these, five showed statistically significant decrease post-transplant: limonene, methanol, 2-pentanone, 2-butanone and carbon disulfide.
R. Fernández del Río, M.E. O'Hara, A. Holt, P. Pemberton, T. Shah, T. Whitehouse, C.A. Mayhew 2015, 'Volatile Biomarkers in Breath Associated With Liver Cirrhosis — Comparisons of Pre- and Post-liver Transplant Breath Samples', EBioMedicine
size decreases
As countries grow richer, more urbanised and better educated, family size decreases.
Times,Sunday Times
Relative strength systematically increases as size decreases.
Times, Sunday Times
The rate of oxygen consumption per gram body size decreases consistently with increasing body size.
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As grain size decreases, the surface area to volume ratio of the grain increases, allowing more buildup of dislocations at the grain edge.
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Generally speaking, droplet size decreases with increasing pulse intensity.
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slight decrease
The price is a slight decrease in the amount of blood pumped out of the heart.
Pantano, James A. (MD) Living with Angina (1991)
Hydrogen storage causes a slight decrease in porosity of the reservoir rock.
Christina Hemme, Wolfgang van Berk 2018, 'Hydrogeochemical Modeling to Identify Potential Risks of Underground Hydrogen Storage in Depleted Gas Fields', Applied Sciences
A slight decrease was noticed on the tensile strength of fibers treated with alkali–silane.
Chunhong Wang, Zilong Ren, Shan Li, Xiaosu Yi 2018, 'Effect of Ramie Fabric Chemical Treatments on the Physical Properties of Thermoset Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composites', Aerospace (Basel)
Translations:
Chinese: 减少, 减少
Japanese: 減少, 減少する
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