Finally, a magnetic field was needed to link the nitrogen atom to the motion of the levitated diamond crystal.

Any carbon atoms landing on the substrate which fail to bond properly in the diamond crystal lattice will be knocked off by the secondary beam.

On the other hand, the diamond crystal has 12 hexagonal rings passing through each vertex.

Inclusions may be crystals of a foreign material or another diamond crystal, or structural imperfections such as tiny cracks that can appear whitish or cloudy.

Even with modern techniques, the cutting and polishing of a diamond crystal always results in a dramatic loss of weight, about 50%.