Tuberculosis caused the most widespread public concern in the 19th and early 20th centuries as an endemic disease of the urban poor.

Of 35 missionaries, by 1900 only six had survived the endemic disease.

The new sultan confronted insurgency in a country plagued by endemic disease, illiteracy, and poverty.

Endemic diseases, such as sleeping sickness, were all but eliminated through large-scale and persistent campaigns.

It has also grown to be a highly active research center for endemic diseases such as malaria and bilharziasis.