Achieving that target will require a major shift toward alternative energies and energy-efficient technology.

Some sceptics argue that continued growth in the market for low-carbon, energy-efficient technologies will depend on continued high prices for both oil and carbon.

If low-carbon, energy-efficient technologies grow to just 10% of this over the next 45 years, that's a $645 billion market.

The university encourages green purchasing when possible including installing energy-efficient technologies around campus such as steam trap systems and economizers.

Volunteers across the world have raised ecological awareness and promoted conservation by employing energy-efficient technologies and organizing large-scale tree planting campaigns and recycling programs.