When a movement gained ground last century to erect a memorial to these pioneers it was agreed that it should be a living monument presenting festivals, conferences and other gatherings.

Lobby groups, he said, were deciding that they needed a statue to commemorate someone and pressurising the authorities into erecting a memorial.

They bolstered the fishing fleet, depleted by war service, and later erected a memorial in gratitude.

Students there erected a memorial flanked by weeping cherry trees.

In the late 1990s, the expellees erected a memorial in the ruins of the church.