He systematized customary law, recorded cases as precedents, and replaced trial by combat with the examination of witnesses under oath.

This would permit the judge to screen the arguments to be raised for their potential validity, and to exclude prejudicial examination of witnesses.

This contention could be decided without an examination of the witnesses.

The investigating officer will, generally, review all non-testimonial evidence and then proceed to examination of witnesses.

If the accused appeared, the accuser stated the case, and the investigation proceeded by the examination of witnesses as in an ordinary court of law.