单词 | feudal |
释义 | feudal (fjuːdəl ) adjective [ADJECTIVE noun] Feudal means relating to the system or the time of feudalism. ...the emperor and his feudal barons. Collocations: feudal landlord It was most likely the name of a local feudal landlord. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 His father was a ruthless feudal landlord, who during his lifetime had done several heinous crimes. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 On the one hand, this meant that the grip of the old feudal landlords was stronger here than elsewhere: cases of ritual widow-burning, or suttee, were not unknown. Times, Sunday Times The novel tells the story of the cruelty meted out by feudal landlords to impoverished farm labourers. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The feudal lord was told to restore the earlier tax arrangements. The Times Literary Supplement Other estates have left the role of feudal lord and benefactor behind in the name of pure commercialism. Times, Sunday Times A feudal lord could keep watch over his domain from the top of his tower. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Most soldiers were much more loyal to their feudal lord than to their nations, and insubordination within armies was common. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Overall sovereignty remained with the feudal lord, who could require certain services from his vassals under common law. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Some experts claim that this was the beginning of capitalism, as the old feudal order broke down and money became widely used instead of goods and services. Times, Sunday Times Their thoughts were criticisms for the dominant feudal order. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The break away from the previous feudal order required such an assembly; and, seemingly miraculously, it actually happened. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Weak monarch could not employ his main function keep his villains in humility and safe feudal order in country. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 It was reactionary in nature and sought to preserve the feudal order. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 That means a move away from their 'feudal relationship' with service users. Times, Sunday Times Once the commendation ceremony was complete, the lord and vassal were in a feudal relationship with agreed obligations to one another. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 During the feudal period, samurai were warriors that fought for a lord in a feudal relationship. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The whole contract including the oath of fealty was part of a formal commendation ceremony that created the feudal relationship. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Society changed into an almost feudal relationship between landowning elites and bonded laborers. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Essentially, it's a feudal society. Times, Sunday Times (2007) That is not to say that Spain remained a feudal society but rather that the legal basis for capitalism was established without there being a political revolution. The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution and Revenge Japan has advanced from a rural, feudal society to an urban, industrial power in a few short decades. The Descent of Mind - the how and why of intelligence (1990) What might you deduce from these documents about the position of the Church in feudal society? Sources of the West: Readings in Western Civilization, Volume 1: From the Beginning to 1715 (1995) For 250 years the shoguns ruled a feudal state from which virtually all foreign influence - religious, technological and artistic - was banned on pain of death. Times, Sunday Times Will it now become a lawless, feudal state once more? Times,Sunday Times Each feudal state was independent and had its own tax and legal systems along with unique currency. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 This feudal state became a union of relatively independent rulers who developed their own territories. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The various feudal states were in a state of almost continual war. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Translations: Chinese: 封建制度的 Japanese: 封建制度の |
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