Titer testing employs serial dilution to obtain approximate quantitative information from an analytical procedure that inherently only evaluates as positive or negative.

The challenge now consists in the conversion of this analytical procedure into a numerical algorithm with good running time.

Actual analytical procedure takes some time; after that time the instrument can be switched to work on the next sample.

All groundwater monitoring systems must be certified by a qualified groundwater scientist and must comply with the sampling and analytical procedures outlined in the regulations.

All analytical procedures should be validated.