| 单词 | fundamental |
| 释义 | fundamental (fʌndəmentəl ) 1. adjective [usually ADJECTIVE noun] You use fundamental to describe things, activities, and principles that are very important or essential. They affect the basic nature of other things or are the most important element upon which other things depend. Our constitution embodies all the fundamental principles of democracy. A fundamental human right is being withheld from these people. Technical skill is a fundamental basis for most, if not all, great art. Synonyms: central, first, most important, prime 2. adjective [usually ADJECTIVE noun] You use fundamental to describe something which exists at a deep and basic level, and is therefore likely to continue. But on this question, the two leaders have very fundamental differences. Synonyms: basic, essential, underlying, organic 3. adjective If one thing is fundamental to another, it is absolutely necessary to it, and the second thing cannot exist, succeed, or be imagined without it. Communication is fundamental to human society. The method they pioneered remains fundamental to research into the behaviour of nerve cells. 4. adjective [ADJECTIVE noun] You can use fundamental to show that you are referring to what you consider to be the most important aspect of a situation, and that you are not concerned with less important details. The fundamental problem lies in their inability to distinguish between reality and invention. It was not simply a practical matter, but a fundamental question of principle. 5. adjective [ADJECTIVE noun] Fundamental research into a subject is concerned with gaining knowledge about the subject itself, rather than its practical aspects. Industry leaders want scientists to engage in fundamental research, not applied research. Collocations: fundamental cause The fundamental cause of the crisis lies within the region, not outside it. Times, Sunday Times Rather than tackle the fundamental cause the government and the media resort to single issues. Times, Sunday Times Diet and what people eat was shown on the programme to be a fundamental cause of premature ageing. The Sun This was thought by anthropologists and archaeologists to have been a fundamental cause of their extinction, facilitating the ascent of the modern human. Times, Sunday Times Political developments were also a fundamental cause of the uprising. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Such fears tap into what one source described as a fundamental feature of her pitch. Times,Sunday Times Any attack on this fundamental feature of conceptual art targets not so much an individual piece but the artform as such. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The fundamental features of meiosis, on this theory, were derived from mitosis. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 One major theme was that there are fundamental features of reality that escape our direct knowledge because of the natural limits of the human faculties. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 It accounts for experimental observations on human bimanual coordination that revealed fundamental features of self-organization: multistability, and phase transitions (switching). Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 While the right to strike was important, the right not to be falsely imprisoned was of fundamental importance. Times, Sunday Times He became convinced of the fundamental importance of the genome project and determined to pursue mapping by his own fast-track methods. Times, Sunday Times But days such as today also reveal the fundamental importance of family - relationships that can so easily be taken for granted. Times, Sunday Times The findings were of fundamental importance in understanding the real damage humans are wreaking on the natural environment. Times, Sunday Times These are issues of fundamental importance to ministers, and each was addressed in this ruling. Christianity Today Perhaps the fundamental issue can be summed up by his watershed question. Christianity Today That's the fundamental issue, that's the behavioral changes that need to be made at the personal level. Smithsonian Mag The more fundamental issue on this first performance was poor intonation and strained vocals. Times, Sunday Times Attempts to remedy this through, say, bus lanes, do not address the fundamental issue that every additional car on congested streets disadvantages the majority. Times, Sunday Times It will not resolve the fundamental issue. Times, Sunday Times Conservatives will often be late to champion reform, as they cautiously weigh up whether changing something might undermine fundamental liberties or the character of the nation. Times, Sunday Times He affirmed fundamental liberties, such as freedom of speech, communication, commerce. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The complaint challenged the state of emergency's necessity and said it compromised fundamental liberties. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 This has been termed a conservative and restrictive approach that seems to undermine the court's duty to generously interpret fundamental liberties. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Such a rights-based approach allows courts to scrutinize cases involving fundamental human rights more closely, thereby affording greater protection of fundamental liberties. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 It was a fundamental mistake on his part. Times, Sunday Times Once a fundamental mistake has been made, no amount of cosmetics, new initiatives or improvements can overcome the basic tragic error. Times, Sunday Times That may sound like a statement of the bleedin' obvious but it addresses the fundamental mistake most people make with their pensions. Times, Sunday Times Labour's fundamental mistake has been to manage the country, its people and its institutions as if it were running nothing more than a collection of factories and businesses. Times, Sunday Times He argues that those who wish to ground truth in correspondence, empiricism, pragmatism, acceptance, etc. are all making the same fundamental mistake. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 But the comments also expose a fundamental misunderstanding. The Times Literary Supplement Such a view reflects a fundamental misunderstanding regarding the legal status of corporations. Christianity Today This betrays a fundamental misunderstanding of the nature of effective party leadership. Times, Sunday Times It was essentially political, and it betrayed a fundamental misunderstanding of the purpose of overseas aid. Times, Sunday Times This reaction indicates a fundamental misunderstanding of the role of the mall in modern life. Times, Sunday Times Is there, then, a fundamental need to create people who are too good for us? Times, Sunday Times Psychologists find that human beings have a fundamental need for inclusion in group life and for close relationships. Christianity Today Every brand has a fundamental need to connect with their target market and audience. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 They argue that all individuals have a fundamental need to belong. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Work, security in unemployment and a stable place to live are fundamental needs in the way that winter fuel allowances for the rich or morning playgroups aren't. Times, Sunday Times Saving for our retirement so that we do not become a financial burden on others must surely be a fundamental objective to be encouraged. Times,Sunday Times The prosecution failed in its fundamental objective: to remove me from a leadership role in the antiapartheid struggle. Times, Sunday Times The festivals fundamental objectives includes public education through seasonal, cherry-themed, city-wide viewing programs, musical performances, and fine art and craft exhibitions. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Those weak links in the system design and development process can be traced to improper execution of the fundamental objectives of conceptual modeling. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 She 'destroyed the fundamental premise of art schools when she made them into universities', he says. Times, Sunday Times But the fundamental premise was unquestioned: they should be in work. Times, Sunday Times Diving in the penalty area, claiming a catch that didn't carry: both are morally dubious, but they also go with the grain of sport's fundamental premise. Times, Sunday Times But while they position themselves at opposite ends of the spectrum, both agree with the fundamental premise that passion cools over time. Times, Sunday Times That fundamental premise hasn't changed. Houston Chronicle It illustrates the fundamental problem of the advanced industrial economies: too much debt. Times, Sunday Times The fundamental problem was the vision of a self-regulating financial system in which risks were properly managed and controlled, when they weren't. Times, Sunday Times City are over-confident in the big games, going with two strikers; and that's a fundamental problem for them. Times, Sunday Times Because of a lack of funds, he directed the video himself and realised he had a fundamental problem. Times, Sunday Times The fundamental problem remains: how to put the nuclear genie back in the bottle? Times, Sunday Times So overburdened are these banks from their activities as principal investors, as opposed to simple money agencies, that they have destroyed their fundamental purpose, to be effective conduits of funds. Times, Sunday Times It's all very well trying to make the curriculum 'relevant' but the fundamental purpose of education must be that the basic building blocks are taught well first. Times, Sunday Times The fundamental purpose of liberal reform through the ages has been to give people greater control over their lives. Times, Sunday Times Sometimes, she said, it may be better not to expand and stay focused on their fundamental purpose. Times, Sunday Times He denied that the fundamental purpose of the bill was to pardon all who were imprisoned on coup charges. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 This, however, raises the most fundamental question of all. Times, Sunday Times And on this question, perhaps the most fundamental question of all, science alone cannot help us. Times, Sunday Times Yet none of this truly attempts to answer the more fundamental question. Times, Sunday Times Which raises a more fundamental question: why only the orange one? Times, Sunday Times A fundamental question lurked: who was controlling what mass pop culture was saying? Times, Sunday Times Without fundamental reform, we will continue to slip behind. Times, Sunday Times The summit called for a fundamental reform of the relationship between business and the state. Times, Sunday Times That the banking system would face fundamental reform? Times, Sunday Times We need fundamental reform to involve a far wider range of countries and voices meaningfully in decision-making. Times, Sunday Times There needs to be a more fundamental reform of the system to align it with how businesses create value and contribute to society. Times, Sunday Times They were living, for sure, but precariously, with senses heightened, physical danger lurking and courage a fundamental requirement. Times, Sunday Times His fundamental requirement was to recreate a sound and reliable banking system. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 A fundamental requirement was that the artists used natural materials in sympathy with their surroundings. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 It can be viewed as a fundamental requirement for operating social services, having a feasible threshold in terms of costs, efforts and resources required. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 This was cause to prevent his ordination since at that time good health was a fundamental requirement for the priesthood. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Managed bankruptcy may be the only path to the fundamental restructuring that it needs. Times, Sunday Times When a government has embarked upon a programme of cuts and a fundamental restructuring of the nation's finances, a degree of unforeseen controversy may be inevitable. Times, Sunday Times They do little, therefore, to address the fundamental restructuring of the oil-dependent economy needed to ensure long-term change. Times, Sunday Times He's embarking on a 'fundamental restructuring', a step up it seems from a 'major' one. Times, Sunday Times During the next two years, the business carried out a fundamental restructuring programme. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 But, in a tribute to democracy, they stood in line patiently as they exercised their fundamental right to vote. The Sun Its epic 20th-century sacrifices against totalitarianism were in its national interest, but also in defence of the fundamental right of people to disagree. Times, Sunday Times Release all those unjustly imprisoned for exercising this most fundamental right. The Times Literary Supplement Each side speaks of its position as being a fundamental right. Christianity Today Offensive and execrable though these people's views might be, we are meant to live in a democracy that lauds free speech as a fundamental right. Times, Sunday Times 'The most fundamental role of the police is guardianship and looking after vulnerable people. Times, Sunday Times (2011) Crustose coralline algae play a fundamental role in reef construction all over the world. 2005, 'Colonization and growth of crustose coralline algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) on the Rocas Atoll', Brazilian Journal of Oceanography Of the different tendings, thinning has a fundamental role in promoting such evolutive processes. 2008, 'ANALYSIS OF THINNING OPERATIONS IN CORSICAN PINE ARTIFICIAL HIGH FORESTS IN CALABRIA (ITALY)', Journal of Agricultural Engineering Neocortical cholinergic activity plays a fundamental role in sensory processing and cognitive functions. 2016, 'Modulation of specific sensory cortical areas by segregated basal forebrain cholinergic neurons demonstrated by neuronal tracing and optogenetic stimulation in mice', Frontiers in Neural Circuits Phagocytotic cells play a fundamental role in the defense against bacterial pathogens. 2012, 'Meningococcal Outer Membrane Protein NhhA Triggers Apoptosis in Macrophages', PLoS ONE I'm amazed at how strong some of the reactions have been, but it's a fundamental tenet of drama to offer closure. Times, Sunday Times His actions breached 'almost every fundamental tenet of the profession', the hearing ruled. Times, Sunday Times His studies on pituitary-ovary interaction were instrumental in establishing this fundamental tenet. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Its fundamental tenet involves the overcoming of existential motives of the ego. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 A heated national debate erupts over the fundamental tenets of society, politics and culture. Times, Sunday Times They remember his constant harebrained schemes that always involved a 'fundamental transformation' of every institution in government — and never got anywhere. Times, Sunday Times He wants poetry to enact 'the fundamental transformation of human life'. The Times Literary Supplement As a result, the nation has undergone a fundamental transformation. The Times Literary Supplement The role of sustainable consumption in fostering a fundamental transformation of agriculture. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Railway construction (1870) and the industrial revolution resulted in the fundamental transformation of the smallholding system. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The conversation ended there, because everyone had to acknowledge this fundamental truth. Times, Sunday Times What made me appreciate this fundamental truth was - don't laugh - the plethora of treatments listed here. Times, Sunday Times This fundamental truth cannot be changed by our confusion. Christianity Today It certainly hits upon a fundamental truth. Times, Sunday Times If the brain were truly rational, it would never get distracted from the fundamental truth that investments are in the eye of the beholder and subject to financial circumstances. Times, Sunday Times It, too, was quickly commercialized and a fundamental understanding of the process developed over a longer period of time. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The course provides a fundamental understanding of the skills necessary for all clinical disciplines. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 His works have established the fundamental understanding of a wide range of materials phenomena in photovoltaic utilization of solar energy materials. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The main thrust of his research was on a fundamental understanding of the relationship between the chemical composition and the working properties of glasses. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The fundamental understanding of other materials was not sufficiently advanced for them to be considered as academic subjects. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Like all those packaged-up bundles of bad debts, contemporary art had no fundamental value. Times, Sunday Times The clampdown on cryptoderivatives has provoked debate about the fundamental value of the underlying cryptoasset market. Times,Sunday Times Speculative markets can diverge wildly from their fundamental value for no identifiable economic reason. Times, Sunday Times In any society the rule of law represented a fundamental value and there had to be no gap between the theory and the reality of the rule of law. Times, Sunday Times Although it ignores fundamental value, technical analysis works for many traders because it relies on the fact that market movements do tend to have a momentum of their own. Times, Sunday Times All this highlighted a fundamental weakness in broadcast news. Times, Sunday Times Either way, confidence in the rouble has evaporated and the fall in oil prices has shown the fundamental weakness of a resource-based economy. Times, Sunday Times Her conclusion, however, that she was glad she lived now, pointed to the series's fundamental weakness. Times, Sunday Times Does the relative scarcity of such games indicate a lack of interest among the game-playing public, a lack of will in the industry, or a fundamental weakness of the medium? The Times Literary Supplement For me, the fundamental weakness in our last five years was we talked a lot about what we were against but little about what we were for. The Sun Translations: Chinese: 主要的 Japanese: 根本的な |
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