Even assuming genetic techniques improve, the real-world problems remain… elephantine.

In response, scientists have been turning to the newest molecular, biochemical, and genetic techniques.

Genetic mapping uses classical genetic techniques (e.g. pedigree analysis or breeding experiments) to determine sequence features within a genome.

The term protozoan has become highly problematic due to the introduction of modern ultrastructural, biochemical, and genetic techniques.

Later, genetic techniques were developed for inspecting amino acid differences among haemoglobin sequences.