Antibody therapy could be used both to prevent the disease and to stop it from progressing in patients who are already infected.

Monoclonal antibodies have been generated and approved to treat cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory diseases, macular degeneration, transplant rejection, multiple sclerosis, and viral infection (see monoclonal antibody therapy).

He pursued a research career in haematology and immunology, successively becoming an expert in plasma exchange, stem cell transplantation, monoclonal antibody therapy, myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

Antibody therapies are being used at other stages in dealing with the pandemic.

Since then, scientists' growing understanding of the molecular abnormalities peculiar to cancer has led to increasingly advanced targeting treatments, such as monoclonal antibody therapies and growth factor inhibitors.