These theories of stereotype threat can be applied to better understand group differences in performance not only in intellectual situations, but in athletics as well.

Average group differences from the norm may be in the direction of superior as well as inferior performance.

In other words, status beliefs imply not only group differences but also group inequality.

Once the variables have been identified and defined, a procedure should then be implemented and group differences should be examined.

Some have argued that culturally caused differences could produce a correlation between g-loadings and group differences.