| 单词 | hard |
| 释义 | hard (hɑːʳd ) Word forms: harder , hardest 1. adjective A2 Something that is hard is very firm and stiff to touch and is not easily bent, cut, or broken. He shuffled his feet on the hard wooden floor. Something cold and hard pressed into the back of his neck. Synonyms: tough, strong, firm, solid hardness uncountable noun [oft with poss] He felt the hardness of the iron railing press against his spine. [+ of] Synonyms: severity, toughness, callousness, strictness Synonyms: firmness, toughness, rigidity, stiffness 2. adjective [ADJECTIVE to-infinitive] A1 Something that is hard is very difficult to do or deal with. It's hard to tell what effect this latest move will have. She found it hard to accept some of the criticisms directed towards her and her work. Our traveller's behaviour on the journey is hard to explain. That's a very hard question. Synonyms: difficult, involved, complex, complicated 3. adverb [ADVERB after verb] A1 If you work hard doing something, you are very active or work intensely, with a lot of effort. I'll work hard. I don't want to let him down. Am I trying too hard? Synonyms: strenuously, steadily, persistently, earnestly Hard is also an adjective. I admired him as a true scientist and hard worker. 4. adjective B1 Hard work involves a lot of activity and effort. Coping with three babies is very hard work. ...a hard day's work. Their work is hard and unglamorous, and most people would find it boring. Synonyms: exhausting, tough, exacting, formidable 5. adverb [ADVERB after verb] A1 If you look, listen, or think hard, you do it carefully and with a great deal of attention. He looked at me hard. You had to listen hard to hear the old man breathe. People are having to think hard about their holiday plans. Synonyms: intently, closely, carefully, sharply Hard is also an adjective. It might be worth taking a long hard look at your frustrations and resentments. 6. adverb [ADVERB after verb] B1+ If you strike or take hold of something hard, you strike or take hold of it with a lot of force. I kicked a dustbin very hard and broke my toe. Synonyms: forcefully, strongly, heavily, sharply Hard is also an adjective. He gave her a hard push which toppled her backwards into an armchair. 7. adverb [ADVERB after verb] B1+ You can use hard to indicate that something happens intensely and for a long time. I've never seen Terry laugh so hard. It was snowing hard by then. 8. adjective [usually ADJECTIVE noun] B2 If a person or their expression is hard, they show no kindness or sympathy. His father was a hard man. Kate realized that the previous hard look on Maggie's face had been a mask. Synonyms: harsh, severe, strict, cold 9. adjective If you are hard on someone, you treat them severely or unkindly. Don't be so hard on him. [+ on] Hard is also an adverb. He said the security forces would continue to crack down hard on the protestors. 10. adjective If you say that something is hard on a person or thing, you mean it affects them in a way that is likely to cause them damage or suffering. The grey light was hard on the eyes. [+ on] These last four years have been hard on them. [+ on] 11. adjective If you have a hard life or a hard period of time, your life or that period is difficult and unpleasant for you. It had been a hard life for her. Those were hard times. Synonyms: grim, dark, painful, distressing hardness uncountable noun In America, people don't normally admit to the hardness of life. [+ of] Synonyms: severity, toughness, callousness, strictness Synonyms: firmness, toughness, rigidity, stiffness 12. graded adjective [usually ADJECTIVE noun] A hard winter or a hard frost is a very cold one. ...a prolonged period of hard frost. I am expecting a long, hard winter. 13. graded adjective [usually ADJECTIVE noun] Hard colours or sounds are harsh or bright and unpleasant to see or hear. The sea was a hard blue. 14. adjective [ADJECTIVE noun] Hard evidence or facts are definitely true and do not need to be questioned. He wanted more hard evidence. There are probably fewer hard facts about the life of Henry Purcell than that of any other great composer since the Renaissance. Synonyms: definite, reliable, verified, cold 15. adjective Hard water contains a lot of calcium compounds that stop soap making bubbles and sometimes appear as a deposit in kettles and baths. 16. adjective [ADJECTIVE noun] Hard drugs are very strong illegal drugs such as heroin or cocaine. 17. adjective In phonetics, a hard sound is one such as 'c' or 'g' as pronounced in the words 'cat' or 'give', and not as in the words 'cinema' or 'general'. 18. hard by sth prepositional phrase If one thing is hard by another, it is very close to it. [old-fashioned] Paradise Street was a short, crowded street near the railway station and hard by the factory. 19. hard done by phrase If you feel hard done by, you feel that you have not been treated fairly. [British] The hall porter was feeling hard done by at having to extend his shift. 20. be hard going phrase If you say that something is hard going, you mean it is difficult and requires a lot of effort. The talks had been hard going at the start. 21. be hard hit phrase To be hard hit by something means to be affected very severely by it. California's been particularly hard hit by the recession. 22. to play hard to get phrase If someone plays hard to get, they pretend not to be interested in another person or in what someone is trying to persuade them to do. I wanted her and she was playing hard to get. 23. be hard put/pushed to do sth phrase If someone is hard put to do something or, in British English, if they are hard pushed to do something, they have great difficulty doing it. Mr Morton is undoubtedly cleverer than Mr Kirkby, but he will be hard put to match his popularity. 24. take sth hard phrase If you take something hard, you are very upset or depressed by it. Maybe I just took it too hard. Idioms: hard on someone's heels or hot on someone's heels doing nearly as well as someone else in a competitive situation, and likely soon to be doing better than them The next generation of British athletes is pressing hard on the heels of today's champions. close behind someone, often chasing them Two RAF planes appeared overhead, but the pursuers were hard on the paras' heels. Easy Learning Idioms Dictionary. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers hard on the heels of something or hot on the heels of something if one event follows hard on the heels of another or hot on the heels of another, one happens very quickly or immediately after another The news comes hard on the heels of the appointment of new chief executive Cedric Walker. Easy Learning Idioms Dictionary. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers play hard to get to deliberately make it difficult for someone to obtain something that they need from you, such as your agreement or permission I didn't know at the time that I was playing hard to get, but apparently that made him want to hire me even more. Easy Learning Idioms Dictionary. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers hard done by [British] feeling that you have been treated unfairly Those who felt hard done by made their dissatisfaction clear. Easy Learning Idioms Dictionary. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers hard as nails very unsympathetic towards other people He's a shrewd businessman and hard as nails. Easy Learning Idioms Dictionary. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers old habits die hard said to mean that people are often reluctant to change their way of doing something, especially something which they have been doing for a long time Despite ideas of equality, old habits die hard and women frequently still carry the main burden of looking after home and family. The band broke up in 1970 and die-hard fans have been waiting for a reunion ever since. Easy Learning Idioms Dictionary. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers a hard act to follow someone who is so impressive or effective that it is difficult for anyone else who comes after them to be as good He was a hard act to follow – a brilliant intellectual with long experience as an observer of the economic scene. Easy Learning Idioms Dictionary. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers between a rock and a hard place in a difficult situation where you have to choose between two equally unpleasant courses of action We're caught between a rock and a hard place. Either we spend two months planning the operation and end up being late, or we come in right now and risk making mistakes. Easy Learning Idioms Dictionary. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers the school of hard knocks a very difficult or unpleasant life He graduated from the school of hard knocks as well – most of his family perished in the war. Easy Learning Idioms Dictionary. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers Collocations: hard part The hardest part was always going to be getting points in the short run. The Sun (2016) Finding the unmodernised property to buy is often the hard part, of course. Times, Sunday Times (2009) The hard part for Buckle is the daily grind of plotting how to win against teams with soggy pitches and limited tactical acumen. Times, Sunday Times (2013) `Linking the executant to the instigator could well be the hard part of the job, then? DOUBTFUL MOTIVES We decided three months ago this would be it and the hardest part was telling the owners. The Sun (2016) It will be five days of it getting worse and that's unusual because if you have a hard workout, you rest. Times, Sunday Times It's like a hard workout: you push and adjust through it. Times, Sunday Times It kept me fresher than most after a hard workout. The Sun If you have had a hard workout these will help you to replace both carbohydrate and salt lost through sweat. Times, Sunday Times It has been shown to reduce the risk of chronic headaches, to improve your gut flora and to accelerate muscle recovery after a hard workout. Times, Sunday Times He says that he works incredibly hard at them, with tapes and dialect coaches. Times, Sunday Times (2017) He has worked incredibly hard and is our greatest sportsperson. Times, Sunday Times (2016) People try incredibly hard to become medical students because being a doctor is a very good job. Times, Sunday Times (2016) The body has to work incredibly hard to raise its temperature. PLACEBO: The Belief Effect (2003) My mother worked incredibly hard teaching English. Times, Sunday Times (2016) He thought about how well he has been striking the ball in training, he reminded himself that to kick long, you don't need to kick hard. Times, Sunday Times We're conscious of the connection between seeing new worlds, thinking in new ways, singing new songs, and being kicked hard by fate. Times,Sunday Times They should be kicked hard on bonuses. Times, Sunday Times I was kicked hard in the stomach. Times, Sunday Times Then they bought fresh horses, paying more than was asked, and left their blown mounts where they stood and kicked hard into the night, heading south. Times, Sunday Times He was a ball of constant forward movement, rolling under the guards of taller opponents to try to land hard punches. Times, Sunday Times The pilot 'landed hard,' and the helicopter's tail hit the compound wall. Times, Sunday Times As he fell, he landed hard on his head. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Like the flying machines of the day, he landed hard more than once. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Losing his concentration, he lands hard on the concrete, knocking himself unconscious after his skateboard strikes him on the head. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 If you can make people laugh hard for 20 minutes you can have a good career in the clubs. Times, Sunday Times All laugh hard at this - which leaned as near to a nasty tragedy as anything this side of a joke can. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Beauty was in people with wrinkles by the sides of their eyes, proof they'd laughed hard all their lives. Christianity Today Universities will lobby hard to stop it. Times, Sunday Times The necessary reduction may be 500,000 barrels a day, the minister said, adding he would not lobby hard for his position should other members oppose. Globe and Mail Some editors get their bids in early; others lobby hard; others have tantrums if they don't like their allocation (no names mentioned, of course). Times, Sunday Times It also lobbied hard to host this week's summit. Times, Sunday Times Private equity has lobbied hard against the change. Times, Sunday Times Interpreting private motives under a reign of terror is notoriously hard, but the right answer must surely be that it does not matter. Times, Sunday Times (2006) Wet steam is notoriously hard to use in a traditional steam turbine because at lower temperatures water droplets form and cause damage. Times, Sunday Times (2012) And guerrilla wars are notoriously hard to win. Times, Sunday Times (2013) It is notoriously hard to make a sequel as good as the original. The Sun (2015) They can remain volatile for decades and are notoriously hard to find and remove when conflicts end. Times, Sunday Times (2012) Throughout the 1970s, they created classic, blues-flavoured rock'n' roll and partied hard. Times, Sunday Times (2012) We were young alpha males, competing hard and partying hard. Times, Sunday Times (2015) DO come here if you're hitting Ibiza to party hard and want to do it surrounded by the glossy posse. The Sun (2011) Even without this drama, pulses in the finale were pounding hard. Times, Sunday Times The housing structures found here consisted of circular floors, composed of schist chips and mud pounded hard to make a hard surface. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Noting in a seminal paper that aeronautical engineers were pounding hard on the closed door leading into the field of supersonic motion. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 I pull hard on the brakes, desperate to reduce speed before the first hairpin. Times, Sunday Times Some translators let the text pull hard into the receiving language, while others allow the original language to hold firm. The Times Literary Supplement He tends to pull hard early on and that will not be ideal in this small field. The Sun He can be quite buzzy and can pull hard. The Sun He tends to pull hard early on so this big field should help. The Sun Perform, a sports rights group, has continued to punch hard since floating in 2011. Times, Sunday Times But if you punch hard enough, the wall will one day crumble, while the pillow will constantly absorb the blows. Times, Sunday Times I punch hard for 12 rounds, so we'll find out what he's got. Times, Sunday Times Go in quickly - punch hard - get out! Times, Sunday Times The policy was cynical but it was a policy: punch hard and get out. Times, Sunday Times He can also keep wicket, so could be a contender there too, but is pushing hard for the opening spot. Times, Sunday Times (2017) Hove Albion fans pushed hard for a new stadium for more than a decade and their home attendances over the past two seasons reflect that desperation. Times, Sunday Times (2012) The Prime Minister suggested that those pushing hard for a new system of regulation to be written into law were missing the main point. Times, Sunday Times (2012) It then really started to rain hard. The Sun By the time we arrived at the hangar it was raining hard. Times,Sunday Times It was also raining hard, and 321bhp engines go with wet country lanes about as well as haggis and chocolate. Times, Sunday Times Next time it's raining hard, go outside and check all the gutters are running away properly. The Sun Last week it rained hard and it was like driving along a stream. Times, Sunday Times Very carefully, he'd lift away the square of lace they used to cover it and stare hard for about 30 seconds, concentrated, intent like. Times, Sunday Times Stare hard, very hard, and see a ray of light at the end of this very dark tunnel. Times, Sunday Times Stare hard enough at any bundle of numbers, and patterns will start to jump out at you. Times, Sunday Times When you ordered a drink he would stare hard at you, like an optometrist studying a patient's eyes for signs of macular degeneration. The Times Literary Supplement She grips her clipboard protectively and stares hard into my face, looking for reassurance or a reason to answer. Times, Sunday Times I strike hard and reel in fast, feeling the fish turn and pull. Times, Sunday Times These culminated in the strike hard campaigns of late 1999 and 2000. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 The idea was to strike hard when everything was ready. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 When the crisis hit in 2009, recession struck hard and the economy shrank by 18 per cent. Times, Sunday Times The forces of conservatism had struck back - and struck hard. Times, Sunday Times They struggle hard not to become callous and harder still not to despise the culture of alcohol. Times, Sunday Times She did nt have to struggle hard to get into television. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Later on he took to flower painting in oil and gouache, and to portraiture in pastel, but he had to struggle hard for a livelihood. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 Both of them struggle hard to win in their love. Retrieved from Wikipedia CC BY-SA 3.0 He struggled hard to free himself but could only cry for help. Times, Sunday Times My birth father likes to tell me to study hard and listen to my mum and dad. Times, Sunday Times (2017) My three daughters studied hard to get theirs and these people are handed them with no effort. The Sun (2016) Medical students have a well-earned reputation for studying hard and playing harder, and high jinks are part of student life. Times, Sunday Times (2009) I had to swallow hard to keep myself from gagging. Times, Sunday Times (2009) I swallowed hard and spoke before Gavin's helpful garrulity gave out. DEAD BEAT (2002) He made a guttural noise deep in his throat, swallowed hard, and finally spoke. A Time of War (1993) Mona looked toward the copse and went still, swallowing hard. T2®: THE FUTURE WAR (2003) She spat fire and swallowed hard. Indian Balm - Travels in the Southern Subcontinent (1994) They train hard and sacrifice just as much as able-bodied athletes, focusing hard on one life goal. The Sun (2012) You cannot go to the bathroom in the morning because if you do it means you not training hard enough. Times, Sunday Times (2007) His team insisted it was due to working long hours and training hard in the gym. The Sun (2016) I went to college and trained hard for my NVQ in bakery and patisserie. The Sun (2012) But I think it will if we work hard, keep plugging away and train hard. The Sun (2007) Pollsters are trying hard to read the runes. Times, Sunday Times (2010) It's reward time but try hard to keep your feet on the ground. The Sun (2015) She just nodded, trying hard to disguise the fact that she'd been driving on autopilot. FALLEN WOMEN (2002) He had been trying hard not to gloat over polls that might, after all, be only a blip on the graph. Times, Sunday Times (2010) You can try hard at something and still fail. Times, Sunday Times (2013) And all the while her sisters were working hard too. Times, Sunday Times (2018) Her family weren't well off - my grandfather worked hard all his life as a skilled manual labourer. Times, Sunday Times (2009) Her critics warn she is a bit of a ' cold fish', with no groupies who would work hard to drum up support. The Sun (2013) People get emotionally involved and work hard to win ... feelings run deep. Globe and Mail (2003) Growing up you had to be tough, work hard, pull your weight - that was life. Times, Sunday Times (2016) Translations: Chinese: 困难的, 硬的, 努力地 Japanese: 困難な difficult, 堅い firm, rigid, 懸命に |
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