When deposited, especially on glaciers or on ice in arctic regions, the lower surface albedo can also directly heat the surface.

These soils occur predominantely in subarctic and low arctic regions of continuous or widespread permafrost.

They also retained excellent nocturnal vision, and hunting at night in the arctic regions would probably have been their prime hunting method.

Both show the same configuration of the arctic regions as the 1569 map.

However, limits are most frequently imposed in alpine and arctic regions.