Adding indirect support, which includes spending on marketing and inspection, the total rises to $318-billion.

Indirect support focuses on building strong national infrastructures through economic and military capabilities that contribute to self-sufficiency.

Parents (and other community members) instill indirect support to activities, encouraging autonomy and self-responsibility.

All major nations developed self-propelled artillery which would be able to provide indirect support while keeping pace with advancing armoured formations.

Indirect support involved substantial expenditures on infrastructure, which included electricity supply, irrigation, drainage, secondary road systems, and other transportation facilities for distributing and marketing produce.