Two infra-red wavelengths are used to pick up the unique signature of quartz, the main constituent of volcanic ash.

This means the bacteria cannot digest the waste completely so, instead of just producing carbon dioxide they produce methane, the main constituent of natural gas.

Tholeiitic icelandite basalt flows are the main constituent of the formation with pyroclastic conglomerates, sandstones, mudrocks and rare coal seams are also present.

The first two are used usually as snacks and the other as the main constituent in a meal.

Its main constituent materials are sphagnum moss, cotton grass, deer grass, heather and sedge.