The western allies provided chiefly brains, technology, air and naval power and cash; their citizen armies did just well enough to satisfy honour.

If the enemy struck from the sea, he would counter them with his own naval power.

From 1500 to 1758, the two powers used their naval power to try to remove each other from the region.

This was a pure naval power projection ashore by forces deployed from ships that could maintain their ability to fight despite being based on board.

At the time, naval establishments all over the world regarded battleships, not carriers, as the most powerful and significant elements of naval power.