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单词 castor
释义

castorn.1

Brit. /ˈkɑːstə/, /ˈkastə/, U.S. /ˈkæstər/
Forms: Also 1500s castour, 1600s caster.
Etymology: < French castor (16th cent.) and Latin castor, < Greek κάστωρ beaver, probably a foreign word. Compare Sanskrit kastūrī musk.
1.
a. The beaver. (Now rarely used).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Castoridae (beaver)
beaverc1000
brocka1387
castora1549
badger1591
terrier1734
bank beaver1903
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. xxix. 1173 Þe castor hatte fiber also and is ycleped a see hound of Pontus.]
a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) vi. 141 Ther [in Norway] be many castours and whyte beares.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion vi. 87 Cleere Tivy..Which of thy Castors once, but now canst onlie boast The Salmons.
1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 xxv. 7 Like hunted Castors, conscious of their store.
1750 W. Beawes Lex Mercatoria (1752) 822 Skins, especially Castor.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 271 The sacs are cut off from the castors when they are killed.
b. Among French Canadians, a member of the party which called itself the national party, the beaver being the national emblem of Canada.
ΚΠ
1889 Cent. Dict.
2. A reddish-brown unctuous substance, having a strong smell and nauseous bitter taste, obtained from two sacs in the inguinal region of the beaver; used in medicine and in perfumery; castoreum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > biological product > [noun] > oils
castoreuma1398
castory1398
oil of scorpions1559
castor1601
liver oil1747
cod liver oil1754
cod oil1761
Dippel's oil1819
shore-oil1875
ray-oil1881
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > animal oil > castor
castoreuma1398
castory1398
castor1601
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Castoridae (beaver) > inguinal sac(s) > castor
castor1601
bark-stone1806
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 430 Two drams..is thought to be a sufficient dose of Castor.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 150.
1693 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 935 Castor he proves to be the Scent-bags adjoyning to the Intestinum Rectum, and not the Testicles of the Beaver, as some assert.
1750 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) II. 550 Your letters..have been my castor, pearl cordial, and sal volatile.
a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. i. 239 Bezoar, civet, and castor, are the diseases of animals.
1834 J. Forbes tr. R. T. H. Laennec Treat. Dis. Chest (ed. 4) 385 Musk and castor..give more speedy relief.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 271 Chemists..have examined castor; and found it to be composed of a resin, a fatty substance, a volatile oil, an extractive matter, benzoic acid, and some salts.
3. A hat, originally either of beaver's fur, or intended to be taken as such; in the end of the 17th and beginning of 18th cent. distinguished from ‘beaver’, and said to be of rabbit's fur; at that time also usually spelt caster. Now mostly colloquial or slang. Cf. beaver n.1 3 (So in French.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > hat > made of specific material > other
felt1612
castor1640
chip hat1723
Spanish hat1784
stuff hat1839
tinfoil hat1884
1640 in J. Entick Hist. London (1767) II. 175 Bever hats, Demi-casters.
1656 T. Blount Glossographia To Rdr. sig. A iij a In London many of the Tradesmen have new Dialects..The Haberdasher is ready to furnish you with a Vigone, Codevec, or Castor.
1675 London Gaz. No. 1031/4 A parcel of Hats, being Mens, Womens, and Boyes, Castors.
1680 London Gaz. No. 1513/4 A thick short boy..with a..gray caster hat.
1688 London Gaz. No. 2363/4 2 black Hats, one a Beaver, the other a new Caster.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 129/1 Of Hats..the Caster..is made of Coney Wooll mixt with Polony Wooll.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 46. ⁋1 His Imperial Castor, which he always wears cock'd in Front.
1750 W. Beawes Lex Mercatoria (1752) 578 The Manufactures of this Shire [Derby] are..some Felt, Castor, and Beaver Hats.
1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 138 Driven out of my house by domestic winds, and despoil'd of my castor by pontific ones.
1827 W. Scott Chron. Canongate Ser. 1. Introd. iii A white castor on my head.
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist xxv.
1849 C. Brontë Shirley II. ii. 44 His coat and castor having been detained at the public-house in pledge.
4. ‘A heavy quality of broadcloth used for overcoats’ (Webster).
5. oil of castor. (Littré has huile de castor in sense of castoreum from Paré c1550.)
ΚΠ
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Castoreum They draw an Oil from it call'd Oil of Castor.
6. Glove leather made from goat-skins; it is given a very soft finish of a grey colour.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > leather > [noun] > leather from sheep or goat skin
cheverela1400
sheep's leather1474
maroquin1533
saffian1591
lamb's leather1607
kid-skin1645
basil1674
kid1682
kid-leather1693
morocco leather1695
basan1714
Morocco hide1716
lambskin1725
Morocco1735
skiver1800
chevrette1884
glove-calf1885
Vici1888
Dongola1889
nappa leather1895
castor1897
mocha1909
capeskin1934
glove-sheep-
1897 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather (ed. 2) xxxviii. 519 When finished, [they] bear a close resemblance in texture and quality, to deer-skin or castor.
1910 L. A. Flemming Pract. Tanning (ed. 2) 292 The tanner who wants to make mocha castor glove leather from kid and goat skins.
1923 Daily Mail 14 Feb. 11 Ladies' good quality Washable Castor Gloves.
7. A light drab colour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > reddish brown > beaver
beaver1888
castor1904
1904 Daily Chron. 24 Oct. 8/4 Castor-coloured cloth (a soft beaver shade).
1923 Daily Mail 5 June 1 Colours: Nude, Fawn,..Mouse, Castor, Dark Tan.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

castorn.2

Brit. /ˈkɑːstə/, /ˈkastə/, U.S. /ˈkæstər/
Forms: Also caster.
Etymology: A variant of caster n. < cast v. (in sense 1 ‘to throw’, and 54 ‘to turn or veer’) + -er suffix1. The spelling in -or probably arose primarily from confusion, and from missing the actual derivation; but it is now predominant, though one might write pepper-caster.
1. A small vessel with a perforated top, from which to cast or sprinkle pepper, sugar, or the like, in the form of powder; extended to other vessels used to contain condiments at table, as in ‘a set of castors’, i.e. the castors and cruets usual in a cruet-stand.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > setting table > table utensils > [noun] > vessel for sprinkling sugar, pepper, or salt
castor1676
muffineer?1780
shaker1910
1676 London Gaz. No. 1079/4 Stole..Six Salts. A Sugar Castar. A Pepper Caster. A Mustard Pot.
1681 London Gaz. No. 1591/4 One Sett of Casters.
1801 Jekyll Tears of Cruets The Sugar Castor Wilberforce supplied.
1809 R. Langford Introd. Trade 84 A Silver Set of Castors.
1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy I. ix. 131 Put before our hero a tin bread-basket..and the pepper-castor.
1861 All Year Round IV. 461 The table-cloth and spoons and castors.
2. A small solid wheel and swivel attached to the foot of each leg of a piece of furniture, so that it may be turned in any direction without lifting.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > wheel > of specific type or position
cartwheelc1386
truckle1459
trundle1564
clog-wheel1575
trindle1594
coach-wheel1647
roulette1659
roller1763
horizontal wheel1794
castora1800
castor-wheel1805
artillery wheel1834
training wheel1848
trailing wheel1850
spider-wheel1868
front wheel1878
trailer1884
trendle1887
wire wheel1907
square wheels1924
jockey-wheel1952
a1800 E. Montagu in J. Doran Lady of Last Century (1873) 52 Like a state-bed running upon castors.
1800 Sir W. Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 491 An arrangement of twelve bricks, placed on a stand, with casters.
1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic xi. 269 The machine runs on casters.
1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton xxv. 345 You can't have castors on old oak chairs.
1873 J. Richards On Arrangem. Wood-working Factories 42 Trucks with casters.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations.
castor-maker n.
ΚΠ
1690 London Gaz. No. 2539/4 Charles Mansell, a Caster-maker.
castor-stand n.
ΚΠ
1867 F. S. Cozzens Sayings iii. 13 The reflected sunshine from those cut bottles in the castor-stand.
C2.
castor action n. (see quot. 1940).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > steering, suspension, or wheels > road wheel by which steering effected > castor action or angle
castor action1926
castor angle1936
1926 Motor Man. (ed. 26) xix. 193 Caster action, an action tending to maintain the front wheels in the course they are following, obtained by tilting the steering pivots as viewed from the side.
1936 Motor Man. (ed. 29) vii. 121 How a steering head is set to give castor action and camber.
1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 141/1 Caster action, the use of inclined king-pins by which the steerable front wheels of a motor vehicle are given fore-and-aft stability..on the principle of the domestic caster.
castor angle n. the angle at which the steering-head of the front wheels of a motor vehicle is set.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > steering, suspension, or wheels > road wheel by which steering effected > castor action or angle
castor action1926
castor angle1936
1936 Motor Man. (ed. 29) vii. 121 The point..is thrust forward by the slope or castor angle of the king pin and slightly to one side according to the camber chosen for the wheel and pin.
1959 Motor 2 Sept. 92/1 Caster angle (the fore-and-aft inclination of the swivel axis).
1963 A. Bird & F. Hutton-Stott Veteran Motor Car Pocketbk. 151 There was no rake or castor-angle to the steering-heads.
castor-sugar n. powdered sugar, so called from its suitability for use in a castor.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > powder or castor sugar
powder sugar1598
castor-sugar1855
table sugar1897
1855 E. Acton Mod. Cookery (rev. ed.) xx. 405 Morella cherries..simmered..with three quarters of a pound of castor-sugar.
1885 Catal. Cookery & Food Exhib. 32 Castor Sugar, specially prepared for the London trade.
1894 T. F. Garrett & W. A. Rawson Encycl. Pract. Cookery II. 533/1 White [sugar]..being sometimes sold in the form of a powder as ‘caster Sugar’.
1899 E. E. Mann Liverpool School of Cookery Recipe Bk. (1911) 87 Sift over with castor sugar to dry the surface.
1901 Daily Chron. 30 Nov. 8/4 1½ oz. of castor sugar.
1951 Mrs. Beeton's Bk. Househ. Managem. (rev. ed.) xxxiv. 870 Sago snow..2 ozs. of sago, 2 pints of milk, 2 ozs. of castor sugar, 2 or 3 eggs, vanilla.
castor-wheel n. a small wheel which turns on its own and a vertical axis, used to support or steer an agricultural machine, or enable it to be turned short round.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > wheel > of specific type or position
cartwheelc1386
truckle1459
trundle1564
clog-wheel1575
trindle1594
coach-wheel1647
roulette1659
roller1763
horizontal wheel1794
castora1800
castor-wheel1805
artillery wheel1834
training wheel1848
trailing wheel1850
spider-wheel1868
front wheel1878
trailer1884
trendle1887
wire wheel1907
square wheels1924
jockey-wheel1952
1805 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. Pl. ix. to face p. 40 The profile of a six-shared horse-hoe on the principle of the pentagraph, improved by Mr. Amos by the addition of two castor-wheels to regulate depth.
a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. 498/2 The caster-wheel is used as a support to the front parts of machines, such as harvesters..and plowing machines, to enable them to be steered or to turn short around at the end of the row.

Derivatives

ˈcastorless adj. having no castors.
ΚΠ
1883 J. Payn Thicker than Water II. xx. 29 Chairs rickety and castorless.
1891 M. M. Dowie Girl in Karpathians 143 A castorless arm-chair.
1906 Westm. Gaz. 28 July 3/1 In the affectionate embrace of our stuffed arm-chair—how we love its scarred skin, its castorless immobility!
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

Castorn.3

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Castor.
Etymology: < Castor (classical Latin Castor , ancient Greek Κάστωρ ), the name of one of the twin sons of Tyndarus and Leda. Compare earlier Pollux n. For the semantic motivation of sense 2 see definition.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈCastor.
1. In Greek mythology, name of one of the twin sons (Castor and Pollux) of Tyndarus and Leda, brothers of Helena; represented in the constellation Gemini or the Twins, of which Castor is the first, and Pollux the second star.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > constellation > multiple star > [noun]
multiple star1786
trapezium1851
Castor1868
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxviii. 11 A ship of Alexandry, which had wyntred in the Yle, whose badge was Castor and Pollux.
1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 36 Truth and peace are the Castor and Pollux of the Gospel.
1868 W. Lockyer & J. N. Lockyer tr. A. Guillemin Heavens (ed. 3) 350 (note) Castor is a binary system to which..doubtless belongs a third star, which participates in the proper movement of the two others.
2. A name given to the phenomenon called also corposant n. or St. Elmo's Fire. On the appearance of two at once they were called Castor and Pollux, and were thought to portend the cessation of a storm.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > naturally occurring light > [noun] > lightning > bead or forked lightning > St. Elmo's fire
heaven's fireOE
St. Elmo's fire1561
Hermes' fire1611
corposant1650
furole1656
Castor1708
composant1751
storm-light1843
storm-firea1847
dead-fire1854
witch-fire1892
1708 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais (1737) v. xviii. 77 He had seen Castor at the Main-yard-arm.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Feu saint Elme, a corposant, sometimes called Castor and Pollux.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

castorn.4

Brit. /ˈkɑːstə/, /ˈkastə/, U.S. /ˈkæstər/
Etymology: perhaps some corruption of castane n., or Latin castanea chestnut, in French chataigne.
(See quot. and cf. chestnut n.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > leg > foreleg > chestnut (knob of skin on)
chestnut1859
castor1888
night eye1934
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > leg > hock > parts of or on
castor1888
1888 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 25 Feb. The singular patch of hard integument known as the castor on the inside of the foreleg of the horse.
1888 Veterinarian May 304 Another organ in process of disappearance is that piece of horn inside the fore~arm, where it is termed the chestnut, and that inside the hock, where it is termed the castor; it corresponds to the finger-nail of the thumb of our hand, and of the foot of the five-toed ancestor of the horse.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

Castorn.5

/ˈkɑːstɔː//ˈkastɔː/
Etymology: < Castor in Northamptonshire.
Applied to ancient Romano-British pottery made in the neighbourhood of Castor.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [adjective] > Roman or Romano-
Arretine1782
Castor1857
Rhenish1877
1828 E. T. Artis Durobrivae of Antoninus Pl. 48 Fine red Ware in relief, collected in excavating the remains of a Roman Pottery in the parish of Castor.]
1857 C. R. Smith Coll. Antiqua IV. 81 Ancient pottery discovered in this country..a particular kind..belongs to a class..termed Castor or Northamptonshire ware, on account of its having occurred frequently in immediate connection with potters' kilns discovered near Castor, by the late Mr. E. T. Artis.
1868 C. R. Smith Coll. Antiqua VI. 175 ‘Upchurch pottery’ and ‘Castor ware’ are terms..denoting certain classes of fictile vessels made near Upchurch on the Medway, and at or near Castor on the Nen.
1923 R. G. Collingwood Roman Brit. 73 The imported Samian ware..provoked the British manufacturer to..put on the market a style of pottery which resembled it in having ornament in relief and a highly glazed surface. Thus was produced what is known as Castor ware.
1945 S. E. Winbolt Brit. under Romans ix. 123 Somewhat more fragile, but more interesting in their designs, were the slate-coloured vessels of ‘Castor’ ware, decorated in raised creamy slip with hunting-scenes.
1963 Times 12 Mar. 5/2 A Roman beaker of about a.d. 200 decorated with a hound chasing a hare, possibly Castor ware.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online September 2018).
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