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单词 agglutination
释义

agglutinationn.

Brit. /əˌɡluːtᵻˈneɪʃn/, U.S. /əˌɡlutnˈeɪʃən/
Forms: 1500s agglutynacyon, 1500s– agglutination, 1600s aglutination, 1600s agluttination.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French agglutination; Latin agglutination-, agglutinatio.
Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French agglutination, †aglutination action or process of agglutinating or adhering together (1537 in a medical context, in the passage translated in quot. ?1541 at sense 1a), the morphological process of successively adding affixes to a root in order to form a compound (1817 (in the passage translated in quot. 1818 at sense 6) or earlier), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin agglutination-, agglutinatio (in an undated glossary, glossing Hellenistic Greek προσκόλλησις action of gluing together; early 16th cent. in anatomical use, glossing Hellenistic Greek προσκόλλημα ; 1668 or earlier in astronomical use) < classical Latin agglūtināt- , past participial stem of agglūtināre agglutinate v. + -iō -ion suffix1. Compare Spanish aglutinación (1606), German Agglutination (1819 in medical, 1820 in linguistic context).In sense 7 probably after German Agglutinierung, †Agglutinirung (1896 in this sense, in Wiener klin. Rundschau 12 Apr. 261/1); compare French agglutination (also 1896 in this sense). N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (ăgliū:tinēi·ʃən) /əˌɡl(j)uːtɪˈneɪʃən/.
1. Medicine and Surgery.
a. Apposition or adhesion of the surfaces of a wound during healing; the action or process of encouraging or accomplishing this by medical or surgical means; an instance of this. In later use also: adhesion, or the formation of adhesions, between surfaces within the body; an instance of this. Cf. glutination n. 1, conglutination n. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > treatments uniting or replacing parts > [noun] > uniting fractures, wounds, etc. > uniting wound
agglutination?1541
concarnation1638
?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Ciijv, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens The causes that let and hyndre the agglutynacyon [Fr. lagglutination].
1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. x. xxv. 383 But such a suture will helpe nothing to agglutination, if there lye or remaine any skin betweene the lips of the wound.
1678 J. Browne Compl. Disc. Wounds lxiv. 299 Fallopius writes that he saw an Empirick who sold this Oyl for agglutinations of wounds, and this being applied to the deepest stabs, within the space of twenty four hours it cures infallibly.
1703 J. Moyle Experienced Chirurgion iii. i. 150 There are two general Intentions, viz. Agglutination and Concarnation. Most of simple Wounds are cured by the first of these.
1786 T. Kirkland Inq. Present State Med. Surg. II. 272 He supposes, very rationally, that its not healing by agglutination..was from the alteration the ichor had begun to make at the bottom of the wound.
1818 S. Cooper Dict. Pract. Surg. (ed. 3) 643/1 The invaginated portion of intestine sometimes sloughs.., while the agglutination of the parts preserves the continuity of the intestinal canal.
1870 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Dec. 651/1 It passed up between the convolutions of the intestine, causing acute inflammation and agglutination of all the parts in the region affected.
1915 A. B. Johnson Operative Therapeusis I. 5 Our suture should be such a size and strength and so placed as to serve only until agglutination and repair be well established.
1946 Amer. Jrnl. Obstetr. & Gynecol. 52 60 Two patients were aborted incidentally during operations for extensive pelvic agglutinations and large ovarian cysts.
1967 C. P. Artz & J. D. Hardy Complications Surg. (ed. 2) ii. 26/2 Up to five to eight days the so-called agglutination of the wound edges does not take place and tissue layers can be moved upon each other.
2003 Jrnl. Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecol. 16 61/1 Adhesions between the labia lead to fusion (agglutination) across midline, resulting in compromise of the urethral and vaginal openings.
b. A (supposed) stage in the process of nutrition in which nutrients adhere to existing tissue. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
?1545 C. Langton Introd. Phisycke f. liiiv Nutrition..is the assimilation or makynge lyke of that that norysheth, to that which is nouryshed, the whyche to be done as there must nedes go before, agglutination or adhesion.
1650 H. Brooke Υγιεινη 29 For how is Nutrition performed, but by agglutination and Assimilation, by making the food one and the same with the body.
1694 W. Salmon tr. Y. van Diemerbroeck Anat. Human Bodies (new ed.) i. 341/1 That there are Four Things necessary to perfect Nutrition. 1. The Alimentary Juice it self. 2. The Apposition of this Juice. 3. Then its Agglutination. 4. And lastly, Its Assimilation.
1754 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. I. 69/1 Agglutination, among physicians, signifies either the adherence of new substance, or the giving of a glutinous consistence to the animal fluids, whereby they become more fit for nourishing the body.
2. Anatomy. Originally: a suture (suture n. 2a) of the skull, spec. one with smooth margins, as between the temporal and parietal bones. In later use also: a fibrocartilaginous joint; a symphysis. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > structural parts > joint > joints > [noun] > joints of skull
commissure?a1425
lambdac1475
sagittal suture (addition, commissure)?1541
coronal suture1543
sagit?1550
garland-seam1576
commissary1577
agglutination1578
skull-seam1605
lambdoidal suture (commissure)1653
transverse suture1741
orbitar1782
pterion1878
1578 J. Banister Hist. Man i. f. 9 The bones of the temples..are equally circumscribed with scalie Agglutinations.
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 937 Aboue the forehead as farre as to the scaly agglutinations.
1678 J. Browne Compl. Disc. Wounds xxi. 119 The first two are planted above the Ears, one on either side, above the Petrosa; these rather deserve to be nominated Scaly Agglutinations.
1726 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones 72 The squamous Agglutinations or false Sutures are one of each Side, a little above the Ear.
1784 A. Hamilton Outl. Theory & Pract. Midwifery i. i. 21 The three portions of bone..are connected posteriorly..by thick cartilaginous agglutinations.
3. The action or process of agglutinating or adhering together; the state of adhesion or cohesion. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > [noun] > close, intimate, or permanent joining > cohesion
coagmentation1578
coherency1603
coherence1604
conglutination1607
agglutination1614
cementation1660
cohesion1678
1614 Bp. J. King Vitis Palatina 28 God so ordered the matter betwixt them, that this adhæsion and agglutination of one to the other [sc. man to woman] should be perpetuall.
1656 R. Vines Treat. Inst. Lords-Supper xxxiii. 361 Reputed Christians and believers, by an outward profession and agglutination.
1712 J. M. tr. J. Freind Chym. Lect. 136 And this Agglutination of Parts is to be seen many Liquors, but most of all in Saline ones.
1797 Weekly Entertainer 6 Nov. 376 The platina was exposed to the heat of the glass-houses at Sevres for five days and nights altogether, without any other alteration than the agglutination of its grains together.
1833 Dublin Penny Jrnl. 7 Dec. 180/1 The process being carried on under ground, the precise means by which the agglutination of the clay had been effected, was not ascertained.
1878 F. J. Bell & E. R. Lankester tr. C. Gegenbaur Elements Compar. Anat. 83 Some are distinguished by the agglutination of foreign bodies—cemented grains of sand.
1911 M. Fishberg Jews, Race & Environment xiv. 317 Plica Polonica, or Weichselzopf in German is, as its name implies, a disease, mostly met with in Poland along the banks of the Vistula, characterized by the agglutination of the hairs which are infested with vermin.
1961 D. F. Aberle in D. M. Schneider & K. Gough Matrilineal Kinship ii. 112 Since no legislative act imposed this grouping on the Navahos, it is probable that two processes are at work to prevent the agglutination of very large clans.
1998 A. K. Shukla et al. Biol. Pollen 61 Sticky pollen-kitt also helps in the agglutination of pollen grains to form aggregates.
4. Something that is agglutinated, adhered, or fixed together; a mass or group formed by the adhesion of separate elements, a consolidation, cluster. Frequently in extended or figurative contexts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > mass formed by collection of particles
aggregatea1425
aggregation1547
concentration1606
compositure1632
collective1655
conglomeration1697
agglutination1743
1743 F. Walsh Antediluvian World 114 The Mountains, Hills, Rocks, and other rising Ground, are not meer Agglutinations, or contiguous parts of the Earth.
1823 tr. A. von Humboldt Geognostical Ess. Superposition Rocks 202 We give the name of breccias, or conglomerates, with large primitive fragments.., to the various agglutinations of pieces of granite, gneiss, and syenite.
1831 S. Smith in Lady Holland Mem. (1855) II. 314 Where is it to end? Are all political agglutinations to be unglued?
1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece II. ii. ii. 344 Sparta was..but a mere agglutination of five adjacent villages.
1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 50 The formation of thickenings, adhesions, or agglutinations in connection with the membrane.
1920 C. H. C. Wright French Classicism i. v. 52 Montaigne's early essays are seen to be impersonal agglutinations of anecdotes illustrative of a moral observation.
1950 Life 27 Nov. 81/1 Andrew Mellon..presided over one of the richest agglutinations of capitalist enterprises ever put together.
1974 A. R. Ammons Sphere 18 Groups form—it's natural—agglutinations, a center shaping, a core center of command and focus.
1994 Amer. Spectator Apr. 14/3 The largest agglutination of sleaze since the Nixon administration.
5. Astronomy. Coincidence of apparent position in the sky of two stars, esp. when they appear to form a larger or more nebulous star. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > star > star-matter > [noun] > stellar process
agglutination1753
nebularizationa1892
fission1919
carbon cycle1940
r-process1956
s-process1956
nucleosynthesis1957
starquake1969
the world > the universe > star > stellar motion > [noun] > meeting
agglutination1753
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Agglutination is used by some Astronomers to denote the meeting of two or more stars in the same part of the zodiac. Agglutination is more peculiarly understood of the seeming coalition of several stars, so as to form a nebulous star.
6. Linguistics. The morphological process of successively adding affixes to a root in order to form a compound, contrasted as a mode of word-formation or of the expression of complex ideas with inflection or the use of isolated elements.Agglutination is a particular characteristic of certain non-Indo-European languages, including (for example) Hungarian, Nahuatl, Korean, Japanese, and Turkish.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [noun] > compounding > agglutination
agglutination1818
parathesis1837
1818 H. M. Williams tr. A. von Humboldt Personal Narr. Trav. III. iii. ix. 264 An increase which we have already mentioned several times under the name of agglutination [Fr. aglutination] or incorporation.
1830 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk 7 May The Platt-Deutsch was a compact language like the English, not admitting much agglutination.
1870 F. W. Farrar Families of Speech iv. 170 Agglutination may be described as that principle of linguistic structure which consists in the mere placing of unaltered roots side by side.
1915 A. Werner Lang.-families Afr. iii. 36 None of these points must be taken absolutely; we have already seen that we rarely get a language of perfectly pure type, an isolating one which does not show the beginnings of agglutination, or an agglutinating one which has no real inflexions.
1949 W. D. Elcock in R. L. Ritchie Stud. in French Lang. 43 The authors of the Dicziunari Rumantsch Grischun select, however, as type, a form agôr, and, allowing for the possibility of agglutination of prefixes, this form would certainly appear to be the more primitive.
1992 Eng. Today Oct. 27/2 Example b [Nisamcheki hedi I have seen the headmaster] is a typical example of agglutination in Kiswahili where subject, tense, object and verb are all in one word.
7. Medicine and Biology. The process by which cells, microorganisms, or particles form insoluble clumps in the presence of antibody or certain other substances, or in certain conditions; the state produced by this process. Frequently attributive.Agglutination forms the basis of many diagnostic tests, esp. for infectious diseases, and of blood typing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > immunogenesis > [noun] > agglutination
agglutination1896
autoagglutination1903
haemagglutination1907
isoagglutination1907
isohaemagglutination1907
hetero-agglutination1913
isoagglutinating1921
the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > tests > [noun] > specific test
pneobiomantia1846
blood test1851
drug test1863
Romberg test1872
Rinne1881
Romberg's sign1884
tuberculin test1892
guaiac test1894
agglutination1896
percolation test1899
Pirquet test1908
skin test1908
Wassermann1909
Romberg1915
Pandy('s) test1916
glucose tolerance test1917
Kolmer1921
patch test1922
skin testing1923
provocation1924
Kolmer–Wassermann1925
Queckenstedt1928
Kline1929
Prausnitz–Küstner1929
cross-match1930
Mantoux test1931
paraffin test1935
Paul–Bunnell test1935
stress test1937
Burpee test1939
lepromin test1939
patch testing1941
pinprick1941
breath test1945
provocation test1948
protamine titration1949
Coombs test1950
smear test1950
Schilling test1955
tanned-(red-)cell1956
amniocentesis1958
Pap smear1963
Pap test1963
drugs test1967
Schultz–Charlton1974
amnio1984
cross-matching-
1896 Lancet 2 May 1258/1 If cultures of bacteria are mixed with this immunised serum these bacteria become altered in a very remarkable way, losing their mobility and collecting in masses. This state is called by Professor Gruber agglutination.
1915 Lancet 13 Nov. 1086/2 The agglutination test..gave a positive result in practically every case of enteric fever.
1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) x. 130 The agglutination of red blood corpuscles by serum is termed hæmagglutination and frequently constitutes an examination of great importance in medico-legal work.
1972 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 142/2 The agglutinin used in this experiment was..a molecule which binds to the cell surface with its one remaining active site but which cannot cause agglutination because it lacks a second active site.
1997 K. Reichs Déjà Dead xxxvi. 429 Some antibodies blow up foreign antigens, others clump them together. That clumping is called an agglutination reaction.
2010 G. Daniels & I. Bromilow Essent. Guide Blood Groups (ed. 2) ii. 10 An IgG molecule can therefore cross-link the two cells and produce agglutination.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.?1541
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