chasteadj.

Brit.

/tʃeɪst/, U.S.

/tʃeɪst/

Forms: Middle English–1700s chast, Middle English schast, Middle English–1500s chest, Middle English chaast(e, 1500s cheste, chaist. Middle English– chaste.

Etymology: < Old French chaste (13th cent. in Littré), semi-popular < Latin castus, casta morally pure, chaste, holy.

a. Pure from unlawful sexual intercourse; continent, virtuous. (Of persons, their lives, conduct, etc.)

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > purity > chastity > [adjective] > chaste

sedefulc1000

chaste?c1225

purec1380

continenta1398

castc1430

chastful1497

unwanton1606

moral1803

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 128 Meiden had..oðer efter meidene lure cheaste clennesse.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 191 Þat made, lo! þe wymmen þe chastore lyf lede.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 202 He ne is naȝt chast.

c1386 G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale 209 And chast [v.r. chaast] was man in Paradis certeyn.

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Tabil sig. *.ii^v All thame quhilk leiuis ane chast lyfe.

1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 55 None more Chast and true to their Husbands.

1747 W. Collins Odes 10 O chaste unboastful Nymph, to Thee I call!

1869 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. European Morals I. i. 153 Had the Irish peasants been less chaste, they would have been more prosperous.

b. transferred. Pertaining to sexual purity.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > purity > chastity > [adjective]

chaste1565

1565–73 T. Cooper Thesaurus Abstinentes oculi, Chast and honest eyes.

1832 W. Irving Alhambra II. 144 The chaste and cautious maxims in which she had, as it were, steeped her.

1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess vii. 157 Then reign the world's great bridals, chaste and calm.

†2.

a. Celibate, single. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > unmarried person(s) > [adjective] > by choice

chastec1315

unmarrying1722

celibate1827

unmating1857

c1315 Shoreham 61 Ac ȝef eny ys ine the cas, Red ich that he be chaste.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 492 Her vnderlingis and her felawis and britheren being in the religiouns forto lyue chaast for euer.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 709 All wedding he forsuik, And euirmoir..He levit chest.

1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. i. 214 She hath sworn, that she wil stil liue chaste .

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. ii. 103 Yf I liue to be as old as Sibilla, I will die as chast as Diana.

†b. Used to render eunūchus. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > infertility > [adjective] > castrated

geldedc1225

cutted1438

geltc1440

chaste1526

evirate1606

castrated1609

memberless1611

unpaveda1616

libbed1616

cut1624

eunuched1627

caponed1630

untesticled1668

castrate1704

eunuch1817

emasculated1830

eunuchal1878

neuter1893

eunuchoid1894

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xix. f. xxvj^v There are chaste, which were so borne..And there are chaste, which be made of men. And there be chaste, which have made them selves chaste for the kyngdom off hevens sake.

1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 167 The word Chast, signifieth, Gelded.

†3. Morally pure, free from guilt, innocent. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > purity > innocence > [adjective]

bilewhitc890

chastea1340

innocenta1340

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter cxxvii[i]. 1 Þe dred þat a man has to wreth god..is chaste drede.

c1450 Why can't be nun 82 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 140 That I may lyue chaste For the corupcion of synnyng.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Wisd. iv. 1 O how fayre is a chaist generacion with vertue?

4. figurative. Undefiled, stainless pure.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > purity > [adjective]

cleanlyc888

unwemmedc950

clean971

lightOE

whiteOE

unfiledc1200

shire?c1225

sheenc1275

wemlessc1275

undefouled13..

undefoileda1325

purec1330

unbleckedc1380

unfouledc1380

clear1382

impollutec1384

unblemishedc1400

undefiledc1400

unspottedc1400

virginc1400

spotless?a1430

immaculate1441

uncorruptc1450

unpollushed1490

intemeratea1492

incorrupted1529

unmaculate1535

impolluted1548

crystallinec1550

incorrupt1550

uncorrupted1565

undistained1565

unstained1573

entire1587

taintless1590

untainted1590

stainless1599

unsmirched1604

intemerated1608

indepravate1609

chastea1616

uncurseda1628

undishonested1631

untaint1638

Adamical1649

sincere1649

undebaucheda1656

unaccurseda1674

amiantal1674

unsoiled1699

unpolluted1732

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) v. ii. 2 Let me not name it to you, you chaste starres.

1713 A. Pope Windsor-Forest 9 In her chast Current oft the Goddess laves.

1849 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1866) 1st Ser. viii. 142 The chaste clear stars.

5. Decent; free from indecency or offensiveness.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > purity > chastity > modesty or decency > [adjective] > inoffensive to decency

moralc1390

unlascivious1592

chaste1621

modest1638

family1695

clean1867

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. vi. iv. 378 Vse honest and chast sports.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. iii. 160 All seem'd Chast within those Walls.

1724 I. Watts Logick 56 Among words which signify the same principal ideas, some are clean and decent, others unclean; some chaste, others obscene.

1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy I. x. 35 The Hero's horse was a horse of chaste deportment.

†6. Restrained, subdued, chastened. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > restrained or moderate behaviour > [adjective]

methelyeOE

i-meteOE

methefulOE

attempre1297

measurablec1330

temprea1340

temperatec1380

temperantc1384

attemperatec1386

attemperelc1386

chastea1400

mannered1435

measureda1450

moderatea1450

well-measuredc1450

attempered1474

modest1548

sober1552

measurely1570

temperable1619

contemperate1647

submissive1753

managed1770

self-contained1838

inexplosive1867

a1400 Octouian 603 The lyoun com..And be the chyld sche ley thon chaste As sche were tame.

7. figurative. Chastened, modest, restrained from all excess:

†a. of processes of thought. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [adjective] > purifying or refining > purified or refined

mellowed1575

chaste1774

chastened1794

chastised1794

trashless-

1774 T. Reid Aristotle's Logic vi. §2 A fair and chaste interpretation of nature.

1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers 248 Discovered by patient observation, and chaste induction.

b. of tastes, qualities, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > refinement > [adjective]

polisheda1382

dainteousc1386

polite?a1500

delicatea1533

courtly1535

civil1551

court-like1552

well-refined1575

nice1588

perpolite1592

politic1596

soft1599

terse1628

refine1646

refined1650

elegant1652

genteel1678

chastea1797

spirituala1806

aesthetic1844

nicey1859

raffiné1865

nuttish1869

too-tooa1884

sophisticated1895

lavender1928

the mind > emotion > humility > modesty > [adjective] > modest or unpretentious specifically of things

modest1582

lowly1637

submiss1638

verecundiousa1639

unambitious1713

quiet1768

chastea1797

unassuminga1807

unshowy1838

low-keyed1878

low key1897

a1797 Burke in H. Rogers Introd. Burke's Wks. 71 Raising them to the level of true dignity, or of chaste self-estimation.

1825 E. Bulwer-Lytton Falkland 26 Her tastes, were, however, too feminine and chaste ever to render her eccentric.

8. Pure in artistic or literary style; without meretricious ornament; chastened, subdued.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [adjective] > qualities of works generally

wateryc1230

polite?a1500

meagre1539

over-laboured1579

bald1589

spiritless1592

light1597

meretricious1633

standing1661

effectual1662

airy1664

severe1665

correct1676

enervatea1704

free1728

classic1743

academic1752

academical1752

chaste1753

nerveless1763

epic1769

crude1786

effective1790

creative1791

soulless1794

mannered1796

manneristical1830

manneristic1837

subjective1840

inartisticala1849

abstract1857

inartistic1859

literary1900

period1905

atmospheric1908

dateless1908

atmosphered1920

non-naturalistic1925

self-indulgent1926

free-styled1933

soft-centred1935

freestyle1938

pseudish1938

decadent1942

post-human1944

kitschy1946

faux-naïf1958

spare1965

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > plainness > [adjective]

nakedOE

simplea1382

meanc1450

rural1488

misorned1512

inornate?1518

barec1540

broad1588

bald1589

kersey1598

russet1598

unvarnisheda1616

unembellished1630

illaborate1631

severe1665

renable1674

small1678

unadorned1692

inelaborate1747

unlarded1748

chaste1753

uncoloured1845

minimalist1929

spare1965

1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty xiv. 196 They purposely deadened their colours, and kept them what they affectedly called ‘chaste’.

1756 J. Warton Ess. on Pope I. v. 262 So chast and correct a writer.

1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 197 A specimen of chaste biographical composition.

1823 J. Rutter Delineations of Fonthill 45 Its chaste proportions and tasteful arrangement in detail.

1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 51 Chaste jewellery.

1873 E. M. Goulburn Thoughts Pers. Relig. ii. x. 136 We prize our prayer book..for its chaste fervour.

9. chaste tree, also †chaste lamb [mistranslation of Latin agnus castus, the name of the tree being mistaken for agnus lamb] : the tree agnus castus n. a species of Vitex.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > vitex trees or shrubs > [noun]

agnus castus?a1450

park leaves1545

hemp-tree1548

chaste lamb1562

chaster1570

Abraham's balm1598

vitex1608

1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 165^v Chast tre.

1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 166 It is called agnos that is chaste because weomen kepinge chastite in the sacrifices of Ceres vsed to straw this bushe vpon the ground.

1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 39 Chastlambe or Agnus castus.

1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxii. 389 Agnus Castus Ἄγνος Chast Tree. The seed..restrains lust.

1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 207 Chaste Lamb. This has got a Name for a Cooler.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 264.

Compounds

chaste-eyed, chaste-glowing, chaste-reserved etc., adjs.

ΚΠ

1631 G. Chapman Warres of Pompey & Caesar in Wks. (1873) III. 189 The gods wills secret are, nor must we measure Their chaste-reserued deepes by our dry shallowes.

1747 W. Collins Odes 50 The Oak-crown'd Sisters, and their chaste-eye'd Queen.

1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 116 Chaste glowing underneath their lids With fire that draws while it repels.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† chastev.

Etymology: The two Middle English verbs chast-en and chasti-en (chasty v.) appear both to originate from Old French chastie-r < Latin castigāre to make chaste or pure, correct, chastise, < castus chaste adj. The Old French verb was adopted in 12th cent. English as chastien: in early southern English, where the Old English weak verbs in -igan still retained -ien in the infinitive, as Old English lufigan (3rd singular lufeð), Middle English luvien (3rd singular luveth), later luvi, luvy, luv-en, luv-e, the -ien of chastien was apparently treated in the same way, giving chast-y, chast-en, chast-e. But in those dialects in which lufigan was already reduced to luv-en, chasti- was recognized as the stem of chasti-en, and gave later chasty-e, chasty. Hence in 13th and early 14th cent., chasti is the infinitive of chaste, or the stem of chasty, according to dialect.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To correct or amend by discipline; to discipline, train; to bring up under restraint.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > training > train [verb (transitive)] > discipline

chastec1200

school1579

disciplinate1584

discipline1711

enregiment1831

to put (a person) through a course of sprouts1839

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 11 No prest. ne no bissop ne mai him chastien ne mid forbode. ne mid scrifte.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 196 Þu ne schuldest naut chastin for hire gult.

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2475 In þat forest fede Tristrem hodain gan chast.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 220 Þeruore me ssel þe children chasti, and wel teche.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvii. 317 A wikked wyf þat will nouȝt be chasted.

c1440 W. Hylton Scala Perfeccionis (1494) ii. xlv How he..chastith [1533 chastyseth] hem.

c1513 Frere & Boye sig. Ai^v He is a cursed ladde I wolde some other man hym had That wolde hym better chaste.

1549–62 T. Sternhold & J. Hopkins Whole Bk. Psalms lxix. 11 Though I doe fast my flesh to chaste.

2. To reprove, rebuke.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)]

threac897

threapc897

begripea1000

threata1000

castea1200

chaste?c1225

takec1275

blame1297

chastya1300

sniba1300

withnima1315

undernima1325

rebukec1330

snuba1340

withtakea1340

reprovec1350

chastisea1375

arate1377

challenge1377

undertake1377

reprehenda1382

repreync1390

runta1398

snapea1400

underfoc1400

to call to account1434

to put downc1440

snebc1440

uptakec1440

correptc1449

reformc1450

reprise?c1450

to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own1450

control1451

redarguec1475

berisp1481

to hit (cross) one over (of, on) the thumbs1522

checkc1530

admonish1541

nip1548

twig?1550

impreve1552

lesson1555

to take down1562

to haul (a person) over the coals1565

increpate1570

touch1570

school1573

to gather up1577

task1580

redarguate?1590

expostulate1592

tutor1599

sauce1601

snip1601

sneap1611

to take in tax1635

to sharp up1647

round1653

threapen1671

reprimand1681

to take to task1682

document1690

chapter1693

repulse1746

twink1747

to speak to ——1753

haul1795

to pull up1799

carpet1840

rig1841

to talk to1860

to take (a person) to the woodshed1882

rawhide1895

to tell off1897

to tell (someone) where he or she gets off1900

to get on ——1904

to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908

strafe1915

tick1915

woodshed1935

to slap (a person) down1938

sort1941

bind1942

bottle1946

mat1948

ream1950

zap1961

elder1967

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 76 Ne chaste ȝe nan swich mon neauer on oðerwise.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 58 Nan wepmon ne chaste ȝe.

3. To inflict corrective punishment on.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)] > inflict disciplinary or corrective punishment

thewc1175

castea1200

chaste?c1225

amendc1300

chastyc1320

chastise1362

corrigec1374

correct1377

scourgec1384

disple1492

orderc1515

nurturec1520

chasten1526

whip1530

discipline1557

school1559

swinge1560

penance1580

disciple1596

castigatea1616

to serve out1829

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 140 He is godes ȝerde. god beteð þe mid him & chastið ase feder his leoue sune.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 428 Sparye he wolde myld men, & chasty þe proute.

c1300 K. Alis. 6478 He chasted heom with sweord.

c1500 Lyfe Roberte Deuyll 202 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 227 Toke a rodde for to chaste hym.

1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. liii Blamynge and chastynge with moche cruelte.

1621 R. Bolton Statutes Ireland (33 Hen. VI) 22 If any..which the said chieftayne may chaste, doe any trespasse or felony.

4. To restrain, subdue, tranquillize.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restrain [verb (transitive)] > hold in check

bridleOE

tempera1050

chastec1230

to hold inc1300

straina1340

stintc1366

attemperc1380

restraina1387

rulea1391

ward1390

coarctc1400

obtemper?a1425

to hold or keep (a person) shortc1425

compesce1430

stent1488

coactc1520

repressa1525

compress1526

control1548

snaffle1555

temperatea1568

brank1574

halter1577

curb1588

shortena1599

to bear (a rein) upon1603

check1629

coerceate1657

bit1825

throttle1862

hold1901

c1230 Hali Meid. 15 Hwil þi wit atstond & chaisteð þi wil.

c1330 King of Tars in Englische Studien 11 111 Al þat day & alle þat niȝt Noman miȝt him schast.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 729 Mi hauteyn hert bi-houes me to chast, & bere me debonureli.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) ii. xiv. 39 [Angels] chaste euyll spyrytes that they doo not soo moche harme as they wolde.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 860 Harlote with his hendelayk he hoped to chast.

5. ? To keep chaste. rare.

ΚΠ

c1230 Hali Meid. 21 To herien hare drihtin & þonken him ȝeorne þat his mihte ham i cleanschipe chaste.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	chaste
释义	chasteadj. Brit. /tʃeɪst/, U.S. /tʃeɪst/ Forms: Middle English–1700s chast, Middle English schast, Middle English–1500s chest, Middle English chaast(e, 1500s cheste, chaist. Middle English– chaste. Etymology: < Old French chaste (13th cent. in Littré), semi-popular < Latin castus, casta morally pure, chaste, holy. 1. a. Pure from unlawful sexual intercourse; continent, virtuous. (Of persons, their lives, conduct, etc.) ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > purity > chastity > [adjective] > chaste sedefulc1000 chaste?c1225 purec1380 continenta1398 castc1430 chastful1497 unwanton1606 moral1803 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 128 Meiden had..oðer efter meidene lure cheaste clennesse. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 191 Þat made, lo! þe wymmen þe chastore lyf lede. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 202 He ne is naȝt chast. c1386 G. Chaucer Summoner's Tale 209 And chast [v.r. chaast] was man in Paradis certeyn. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Tabil sig. .ii^v All thame quhilk leiuis ane chast lyfe. 1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries* 55 None more Chast and true to their Husbands. 1747 W. Collins Odes 10 O chaste unboastful Nymph, to Thee I call! 1869 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. European Morals I. i. 153 Had the Irish peasants been less chaste, they would have been more prosperous. b. transferred. Pertaining to sexual purity. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > purity > chastity > [adjective] chaste1565 1565–73 T. Cooper Thesaurus Abstinentes oculi, Chast and honest eyes. 1832 W. Irving Alhambra II. 144 The chaste and cautious maxims in which she had, as it were, steeped her. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess vii. 157 Then reign the world's great bridals, chaste and calm. †2. a. Celibate, single. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > unmarried person(s) > [adjective] > by choice chastec1315 unmarrying1722 celibate1827 unmating1857 c1315 Shoreham 61 Ac ȝef eny ys ine the cas, Red ich that he be chaste. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 492 Her vnderlingis and her felawis and britheren being in the religiouns forto lyue chaast for euer. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 709 All wedding he forsuik, And euirmoir..He levit chest. 1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. i. 214 She hath sworn, that she wil stil liue chaste . View more context for this quotation 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. ii. 103 Yf I liue to be as old as Sibilla, I will die as chast as Diana. View more context for this quotation †b. Used to render eunūchus. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > infertility > [adjective] > castrated geldedc1225 cutted1438 geltc1440 chaste1526 evirate1606 castrated1609 memberless1611 unpaveda1616 libbed1616 cut1624 eunuched1627 caponed1630 untesticled1668 castrate1704 eunuch1817 emasculated1830 eunuchal1878 neuter1893 eunuchoid1894 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xix. f. xxvj^v There are chaste, which were so borne..And there are chaste, which be made of men. And there be chaste, which have made them selves chaste for the kyngdom off hevens sake. 1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 167 The word Chast, signifieth, Gelded. †3. Morally pure, free from guilt, innocent. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > purity > innocence > [adjective] bilewhitc890 chastea1340 innocenta1340 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter cxxvii[i]. 1 Þe dred þat a man has to wreth god..is chaste drede. c1450 Why can't be nun 82 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 140 That I may lyue chaste For the corupcion of synnyng. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Wisd. iv. 1 O how fayre is a chaist generacion with vertue? 4. figurative. Undefiled, stainless pure. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > purity > [adjective] cleanlyc888 unwemmedc950 clean971 lightOE whiteOE unfiledc1200 shire?c1225 sheenc1275 wemlessc1275 undefouled13.. undefoileda1325 purec1330 unbleckedc1380 unfouledc1380 clear1382 impollutec1384 unblemishedc1400 undefiledc1400 unspottedc1400 virginc1400 spotless?a1430 immaculate1441 uncorruptc1450 unpollushed1490 intemeratea1492 incorrupted1529 unmaculate1535 impolluted1548 crystallinec1550 incorrupt1550 uncorrupted1565 undistained1565 unstained1573 entire1587 taintless1590 untainted1590 stainless1599 unsmirched1604 intemerated1608 indepravate1609 chastea1616 uncurseda1628 undishonested1631 untaint1638 Adamical1649 sincere1649 undebaucheda1656 unaccurseda1674 amiantal1674 unsoiled1699 unpolluted1732 a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) v. ii. 2 Let me not name it to you, you chaste starres. View more context for this quotation 1713 A. Pope Windsor-Forest 9 In her chast Current oft the Goddess laves. 1849 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1866) 1st Ser. viii. 142 The chaste clear stars. 5. Decent; free from indecency or offensiveness. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > purity > chastity > modesty or decency > [adjective] > inoffensive to decency moralc1390 unlascivious1592 chaste1621 modest1638 family1695 clean1867 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. vi. iv. 378 Vse honest and chast sports. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. iii. 160 All seem'd Chast within those Walls. 1724 I. Watts Logick 56 Among words which signify the same principal ideas, some are clean and decent, others unclean; some chaste, others obscene. 1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy I. x. 35 The Hero's horse was a horse of chaste deportment. †6. Restrained, subdued, chastened. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > restrained or moderate behaviour > [adjective] methelyeOE i-meteOE methefulOE attempre1297 measurablec1330 temprea1340 temperatec1380 temperantc1384 attemperatec1386 attemperelc1386 chastea1400 mannered1435 measureda1450 moderatea1450 well-measuredc1450 attempered1474 modest1548 sober1552 measurely1570 temperable1619 contemperate1647 submissive1753 managed1770 self-contained1838 inexplosive1867 a1400 Octouian 603 The lyoun com..And be the chyld sche ley thon chaste As sche were tame. 7. figurative. Chastened, modest, restrained from all excess: †a. of processes of thought. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [adjective] > purifying or refining > purified or refined mellowed1575 chaste1774 chastened1794 chastised1794 trashless- 1774 T. Reid Aristotle's Logic vi. §2 A fair and chaste interpretation of nature. 1785 T. Reid Ess. Intellect. Powers 248 Discovered by patient observation, and chaste induction. b. of tastes, qualities, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > refinement > [adjective] polisheda1382 dainteousc1386 polite?a1500 delicatea1533 courtly1535 civil1551 court-like1552 well-refined1575 nice1588 perpolite1592 politic1596 soft1599 terse1628 refine1646 refined1650 elegant1652 genteel1678 chastea1797 spirituala1806 aesthetic1844 nicey1859 raffiné1865 nuttish1869 too-tooa1884 sophisticated1895 lavender1928 the mind > emotion > humility > modesty > [adjective] > modest or unpretentious specifically of things modest1582 lowly1637 submiss1638 verecundiousa1639 unambitious1713 quiet1768 chastea1797 unassuminga1807 unshowy1838 low-keyed1878 low key1897 a1797 Burke in H. Rogers Introd. Burke's Wks. 71 Raising them to the level of true dignity, or of chaste self-estimation. 1825 E. Bulwer-Lytton Falkland 26 Her tastes, were, however, too feminine and chaste ever to render her eccentric. 8. Pure in artistic or literary style; without meretricious ornament; chastened, subdued. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [adjective] > qualities of works generally wateryc1230 polite?a1500 meagre1539 over-laboured1579 bald1589 spiritless1592 light1597 meretricious1633 standing1661 effectual1662 airy1664 severe1665 correct1676 enervatea1704 free1728 classic1743 academic1752 academical1752 chaste1753 nerveless1763 epic1769 crude1786 effective1790 creative1791 soulless1794 mannered1796 manneristical1830 manneristic1837 subjective1840 inartisticala1849 abstract1857 inartistic1859 literary1900 period1905 atmospheric1908 dateless1908 atmosphered1920 non-naturalistic1925 self-indulgent1926 free-styled1933 soft-centred1935 freestyle1938 pseudish1938 decadent1942 post-human1944 kitschy1946 faux-naïf1958 spare1965 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > plainness > [adjective] nakedOE simplea1382 meanc1450 rural1488 misorned1512 inornate?1518 barec1540 broad1588 bald1589 kersey1598 russet1598 unvarnisheda1616 unembellished1630 illaborate1631 severe1665 renable1674 small1678 unadorned1692 inelaborate1747 unlarded1748 chaste1753 uncoloured1845 minimalist1929 spare1965 1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty xiv. 196 They purposely deadened their colours, and kept them what they affectedly called ‘chaste’. 1756 J. Warton Ess. on Pope I. v. 262 So chast and correct a writer. 1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 197 A specimen of chaste biographical composition. 1823 J. Rutter Delineations of Fonthill 45 Its chaste proportions and tasteful arrangement in detail. 1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 51 Chaste jewellery. 1873 E. M. Goulburn Thoughts Pers. Relig. ii. x. 136 We prize our prayer book..for its chaste fervour. 9. chaste tree, also †chaste lamb [mistranslation of Latin agnus castus, the name of the tree being mistaken for agnus lamb] : the tree agnus castus n. a species of Vitex. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > vitex trees or shrubs > [noun] agnus castus?a1450 park leaves1545 hemp-tree1548 chaste lamb1562 chaster1570 Abraham's balm1598 vitex1608 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 165^v Chast tre. 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 166 It is called agnos that is chaste because weomen kepinge chastite in the sacrifices of Ceres vsed to straw this bushe vpon the ground. 1567 J. Maplet Greene Forest f. 39 Chastlambe or Agnus castus. 1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. xxii. 389 Agnus Castus Ἄγνος Chast Tree. The seed..restrains lust. 1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 207 Chaste Lamb. This has got a Name for a Cooler. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 264. Compounds chaste-eyed, chaste-glowing, chaste-reserved etc., adjs. ΚΠ 1631 G. Chapman Warres of Pompey & Caesar in Wks. (1873) III. 189 The gods wills secret are, nor must we measure Their chaste-reserued deepes by our dry shallowes. 1747 W. Collins Odes 50 The Oak-crown'd Sisters, and their chaste-eye'd Queen. 1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 116 Chaste glowing underneath their lids With fire that draws while it repels. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † chastev. Etymology: The two Middle English verbs chast-en and chasti-en (chasty v.) appear both to originate from Old French chastie-r < Latin castigāre to make chaste or pure, correct, chastise, < castus chaste adj. The Old French verb was adopted in 12th cent. English as chastien: in early southern English, where the Old English weak verbs in -igan still retained -ien in the infinitive, as Old English lufigan (3rd singular lufeð), Middle English luvien (3rd singular luveth), later luvi, luvy, luv-en, luv-e, the -ien of chastien was apparently treated in the same way, giving chast-y, chast-en, chast-e. But in those dialects in which lufigan was already reduced to luv-en, chasti- was recognized as the stem of chasti-en, and gave later chasty-e, chasty. Hence in 13th and early 14th cent., chasti is the infinitive of chaste, or the stem of chasty, according to dialect. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To correct or amend by discipline; to discipline, train; to bring up under restraint. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > training > train [verb (transitive)] > discipline chastec1200 school1579 disciplinate1584 discipline1711 enregiment1831 to put (a person) through a course of sprouts1839 c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 11 No prest. ne no bissop ne mai him chastien ne mid forbode. ne mid scrifte. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 196 Þu ne schuldest naut chastin for hire gult. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2475 In þat forest fede Tristrem hodain gan chast. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 220 Þeruore me ssel þe children chasti, and wel teche. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvii. 317 A wikked wyf þat will nouȝt be chasted. c1440 W. Hylton Scala Perfeccionis (1494) ii. xlv How he..chastith [1533 chastyseth] hem. c1513 Frere & Boye sig. Ai^v He is a cursed ladde I wolde some other man hym had That wolde hym better chaste. 1549–62 T. Sternhold & J. Hopkins Whole Bk. Psalms lxix. 11 Though I doe fast my flesh to chaste. 2. To reprove, rebuke. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] threac897 threapc897 begripea1000 threata1000 castea1200 chaste?c1225 takec1275 blame1297 chastya1300 sniba1300 withnima1315 undernima1325 rebukec1330 snuba1340 withtakea1340 reprovec1350 chastisea1375 arate1377 challenge1377 undertake1377 reprehenda1382 repreync1390 runta1398 snapea1400 underfoc1400 to call to account1434 to put downc1440 snebc1440 uptakec1440 correptc1449 reformc1450 reprise?c1450 to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own1450 control1451 redarguec1475 berisp1481 to hit (cross) one over (of, on) the thumbs1522 checkc1530 admonish1541 nip1548 twig?1550 impreve1552 lesson1555 to take down1562 to haul (a person) over the coals1565 increpate1570 touch1570 school1573 to gather up1577 task1580 redarguate?1590 expostulate1592 tutor1599 sauce1601 snip1601 sneap1611 to take in tax1635 to sharp up1647 round1653 threapen1671 reprimand1681 to take to task1682 document1690 chapter1693 repulse1746 twink1747 to speak to ——1753 haul1795 to pull up1799 carpet1840 rig1841 to talk to1860 to take (a person) to the woodshed1882 rawhide1895 to tell off1897 to tell (someone) where he or she gets off1900 to get on ——1904 to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908 strafe1915 tick1915 woodshed1935 to slap (a person) down1938 sort1941 bind1942 bottle1946 mat1948 ream1950 zap1961 elder1967 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 76 Ne chaste ȝe nan swich mon neauer on oðerwise. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 58 Nan wepmon ne chaste ȝe. 3. To inflict corrective punishment on. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)] > inflict disciplinary or corrective punishment thewc1175 castea1200 chaste?c1225 amendc1300 chastyc1320 chastise1362 corrigec1374 correct1377 scourgec1384 disple1492 orderc1515 nurturec1520 chasten1526 whip1530 discipline1557 school1559 swinge1560 penance1580 disciple1596 castigatea1616 to serve out1829 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 140 He is godes ȝerde. god beteð þe mid him & chastið ase feder his leoue sune. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 428 Sparye he wolde myld men, & chasty þe proute. c1300 K. Alis. 6478 He chasted heom with sweord. c1500 Lyfe Roberte Deuyll 202 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 227 Toke a rodde for to chaste hym. 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. liii Blamynge and chastynge with moche cruelte. 1621 R. Bolton Statutes Ireland (33 Hen. VI) 22 If any..which the said chieftayne may chaste, doe any trespasse or felony. 4. To restrain, subdue, tranquillize. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restrain [verb (transitive)] > hold in check bridleOE tempera1050 chastec1230 to hold inc1300 straina1340 stintc1366 attemperc1380 restraina1387 rulea1391 ward1390 coarctc1400 obtemper?a1425 to hold or keep (a person) shortc1425 compesce1430 stent1488 coactc1520 repressa1525 compress1526 control1548 snaffle1555 temperatea1568 brank1574 halter1577 curb1588 shortena1599 to bear (a rein) upon1603 check1629 coerceate1657 bit1825 throttle1862 hold1901 c1230 Hali Meid. 15 Hwil þi wit atstond & chaisteð þi wil. c1330 King of Tars in Englische Studien 11 111 Al þat day & alle þat niȝt Noman miȝt him schast. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 729 Mi hauteyn hert bi-houes me to chast, & bere me debonureli. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) ii. xiv. 39 [Angels] chaste euyll spyrytes that they doo not soo moche harme as they wolde. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 860 Harlote with his hendelayk he hoped to chast. 5. ? To keep chaste. rare. ΚΠ c1230 Hali Meid. 21 To herien hare drihtin & þonken him ȝeorne þat his mihte ham i cleanschipe chaste. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.?c1225v.c1200
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