An essay, dissertation, or article (on a particular topic). Now: esp. an article or dissertation read at a conference, symposium, etc., or…

spec. A paper containing an account of observations, the results of research or intellectual speculation, or the like, as presented to a learned…

A written preface or introduction, a commentary (cf. programma, n. 2); (spec. in German schools) an essay or commentary prefixed to the annual…

An essay or dissertation on a learned subject closely studied by the writer. In plural also: (the record of) the proceedings or transactions of a…

A series of thematically related photographs, usually supplemented or linked together by a narrative text or commentary; an essay, biography…