catastrophen.

Brit.

/kəˈtastrəfi/, U.S.

/kəˈtæstrəfi/

Forms: Also 1600s catastrophy.

Etymology: < Greek καταστροϕή overturning, sudden turn, conclusion, < κατα-στρέϕειν to overturn, etc., < κατά down + στρέϕειν to turn.

1. ‘The change or revolution which produces the conclusion or final event of a dramatic piece’ (Johnson); the dénouement.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > a play > [noun] > parts of ancient Greek play

protasisa1568

catastrophe1579

epitasis1589

antistrophea1620

catastasis1656

episode1678

exode1764

agon1847

stichomythia1861

1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. May Gloss. This tale is much like to that in Aesops fables, but the catastrophe and ende is farre different.

1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft iii. x. 57 A comicall catastrophe.

1602 2nd Pt. Returne from Pernassus (Arb.) ii. i. 21 Sad is the plot, sad the Catastrophe.

c1616 R. C. Certaine Poems Ad Lectorem in Times' Whistle (1871) 111 Thou shalt be both the protasis & catastrophe of my epistle.

1690 T. Burnet Theory of Earth iv. 157 That happy catastrophe and last scene which is to crown the work.

1715 J. Gay What d'ye call It Pref. sig. Aii^v They deny it to be Tragical, because its Catastrophe is a Wedding.

a1876 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches I. i. iii. 158 Such was the catastrophe of this long and anxious drama.

a. ‘A final event; a conclusion generally unhappy’ (Johnson); a disastrous end, finish-up, conclusion, upshot; overthrow, ruin, calamitous fate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > completing > [noun] > a conclusion or end

finea1300

head1340

conclusion1382

close1399

finishmentc1400

issue1479

pass1542

tittle est Amen1568

wind-up1573

wind-up-all1573

upshot1586

catastrophe1609

come-off1640

period1713

pay-off1926

the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > an evil fate > calamitous end or fate

catastrophe1609

1609 R. Armin Ital. Taylor sig. H1^v Thinking to deuower And worke my liues Catastrophy.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. ii. 57 On the Catastrophe and heele of pastime When it was out.

1628 J. Mede Let. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 265 This was the obscure catastrophe of that great man.

1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 251 The late war, and its horrid catastrophe.

1678 A. Littleton Linguæ Latinæ Liber Dictionarius A Catastrophe or upshot of a business, catastrophe exitus.

1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. iii. 256 This catastrophe had the brave Barbarossa and all his vast Designs.

1783 Ld. Hailes Disquis. Antiq. Christian Church iv. 128 The catastrophe of that siege is well known.

1850 W. Irving Mahomet II. 290 This miserable catastrophe to a miserable career.

†b. humorously. The posteriors. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > buttock(s) > [noun]

flitcha700

arse-endseOE

culec1220

buttockc1300

tail1303

toutec1305

nagea1325

fundamentc1325

tail-end1377

brawna1382

buma1387

bewschers?a1400

crouponc1400

rumplec1430

lendc1440

nachec1440

luddocka1475

rearwarda1475

croupc1475

rumpc1475

dock1508

hurdies1535

bunc1538

sitting place1545

bottom?c1550

prat1567

nates1581

backside1593

crupper1594

posteriorums1596

catastrophe1600

podex1601

posterior1605

seat1607

poop1611

stern1631

cheek1639

breeka1642

doup1653

bumkin1658

bumfiddle1661

assa1672

butt1675

quarter1678

foundation1681

toby1681

bung1691

rear1716

fud1722

moon1756

derrière1774

rass1790

stern-post1810

sit-down1812

hinderland1817

hinderling1817

nancy1819

ultimatum1823

behinda1830

duff?1837

botty1842

rear end1851

latter end1852

hinder?1857

sit1862

sit-me-down1866

stern-works1879

tuchus1886

jacksy-pardy1891

sit-upon1910

can1913

truck-end1913

sitzfleisch1916

B.T.M.1919

fanny1919

bot1922

heinie1922

beam1929

yas yas1929

keister1931

batty1935

bim1935

arse-end1937

twat1937

okole1938

bahookie1939

bohunkus1941

quoit1941

patoot1942

rusty-dusty1942

dinger1943

jacksie1943

zatch1950

ding1957

booty1959

patootie1959

buns1960

wazoo1961

tush1962

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. i. 62 Away you scullian..ile tickle your catastrophe .

a. An event producing a subversion of the order or system of things.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > sudden or complete change > [noun]

leapc1000

lope14..

revolution?a1439

reverse?1492

metamorphosis1548

transformation1581

earthquake1592

upside down1593

metamorphose1608

sea-changea1616

peritropea1656

transilience1657

transiliency1661

saltus1665

catastrophe1696

peristrophe1716

transiliency1769

upheaving1821

upset1822

saltation1844

shake1847

upheaval1850

cataclysm1861

shake-out1939

virage1989

1696 Month. Mercury VII. 91 The Consternation and Confusion..upon such a sudden Catastrophy.

1717 D. Defoe Mem. Church of Scotl. i. 2 Her many Revolutions, Convulsions, and Catastrophes.

1871 F. W. Farrar Witness of Hist. iii. 92 God reveals His will not by sudden catastrophes and violent revolutions.

b. esp. in Geology. A sudden and violent change in the physical order of things, such as a sudden upheaval, depression, or convulsion affecting the earth's surface, and the living beings upon it, by which some have supposed that the successive geological periods were suddenly brought to an end. (Cf. cataclysm n., catastrophism n.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > convulsion > [noun]

convulsiona1701

catastrophe1832

cataclysm1833

1832 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 2) I. 89.

1832 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 2) II. 160.

1858 W. Whewell Novum Organon Renov. 25 There are, in the palætiological sciences, two antagonist doctrines: catastrophes and uniformity.

1887 Spectator 7 May 626/1 No geologist of repute now believes that mountain-ranges originated in catastrophes.

4. A sudden disaster, wide-spread, very fatal, or signal. (In the application of exaggerated language to misfortunes it is used very loosely.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > instance of misfortune or ill-luck > dreadful or severe

tragedy1509

calamity1552

disaster1567

fatality1648

stroke1686

catastrophe1748

tragic1847

big one1978

meltdown1979

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. ii. 319 Thus were we all..reduced to the utmost despair by this catastrophe.

1795 E. Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 289 The public catastrophe was actually completed by the actual recall of Lord F.

1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic II. iii. v. 314 An inundation, more tremendous than any..recorded in those annals so prolific in such catastrophes.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xiii. 131 This fishery is fearfully hazardous; scarcely a year passes without a catastrophe.

1889 N.E.D. at Catastrophe Mod. Our hostess was immensely relieved that dinner had gone off without any catastrophe. My luggage has not arrived: what a catastrophe!

Draft additions 1997

catastrophe theory n. Mathematics the topological description of systems which display abrupt discontinuous change.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > theories or branches of

menadry1570

pure mathematics1605

mechanics1612

residuation1846

chaos theory1880

number theory1901

formalism1913

intuitionism1913

replacement theory1914

biomathematics1923

proof theory1929

finitism1935

mereology1938

combinatorics1941

cryptarithmetic1943

game theory1945

numerical analysis1946

queueing theory1951

constructivism1959

complexity1963

catastrophe theory1971

chaology1985

1969 R. Thom in Topology VIII. 319 It is not too difficult a task to find all possible singularities V(x) of finite codimension not exceeding four. These singularities are important, because they may appear on our space–time in a structurally stable way. They give rise to what we call the ‘elementary catastrophes’, when we interpret them as describing dynamical fields on our space–time.]

1971 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Dec. 1557/3 Another interesting feature of catastrophe theory is called the divergence effect.

1973 Internat. Jrnl. Neurosci. 6 39/1 We can explicitly use catastrophe theory to explain and predict psychological phenomena.

1987 Brit. Jrnl. Sociol. 38 503 Catastrophe theory is itself said to be in a catastrophic state.

1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 294/1 Gravitational optics has an important connection with the branch of mathematics known as catastrophe theory.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	catastrophe
释义	catastrophen. Brit. /kəˈtastrəfi/, U.S. /kəˈtæstrəfi/ Forms: Also 1600s catastrophy. Etymology: < Greek καταστροϕή overturning, sudden turn, conclusion, < κατα-στρέϕειν to overturn, etc., < κατά down + στρέϕειν to turn. 1. ‘The change or revolution which produces the conclusion or final event of a dramatic piece’ (Johnson); the dénouement. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > drama > a play > [noun] > parts of ancient Greek play protasisa1568 catastrophe1579 epitasis1589 antistrophea1620 catastasis1656 episode1678 exode1764 agon1847 stichomythia1861 1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. May Gloss. This tale is much like to that in Aesops fables, but the catastrophe and ende is farre different. 1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft iii. x. 57 A comicall catastrophe. 1602 2nd Pt. Returne from Pernassus (Arb.) ii. i. 21 Sad is the plot, sad the Catastrophe. c1616 R. C. Certaine Poems Ad Lectorem in Times' Whistle (1871) 111 Thou shalt be both the protasis & catastrophe of my epistle. 1690 T. Burnet Theory of Earth iv. 157 That happy catastrophe and last scene which is to crown the work. 1715 J. Gay What d'ye call It Pref. sig. Aii^v They deny it to be Tragical, because its Catastrophe is a Wedding. a1876 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches I. i. iii. 158 Such was the catastrophe of this long and anxious drama. 2. a. ‘A final event; a conclusion generally unhappy’ (Johnson); a disastrous end, finish-up, conclusion, upshot; overthrow, ruin, calamitous fate. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > completing > [noun] > a conclusion or end finea1300 head1340 conclusion1382 close1399 finishmentc1400 issue1479 pass1542 tittle est Amen1568 wind-up1573 wind-up-all1573 upshot1586 catastrophe1609 come-off1640 period1713 pay-off1926 the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > an evil fate > calamitous end or fate catastrophe1609 1609 R. Armin Ital. Taylor sig. H1^v Thinking to deuower And worke my liues Catastrophy. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. ii. 57 On the Catastrophe and heele of pastime When it was out. View more context for this quotation 1628 J. Mede Let. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. III. 265 This was the obscure catastrophe of that great man. 1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 251 The late war, and its horrid catastrophe. 1678 A. Littleton Linguæ Latinæ Liber Dictionarius A Catastrophe or upshot of a business, catastrophe exitus. 1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. iii. 256 This catastrophe had the brave Barbarossa and all his vast Designs. 1783 Ld. Hailes Disquis. Antiq. Christian Church iv. 128 The catastrophe of that siege is well known. 1850 W. Irving Mahomet II. 290 This miserable catastrophe to a miserable career. †b. humorously. The posteriors. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > trunk > back > buttock(s) > [noun] flitcha700 arse-endseOE culec1220 buttockc1300 tail1303 toutec1305 nagea1325 fundamentc1325 tail-end1377 brawna1382 buma1387 bewschers?a1400 crouponc1400 rumplec1430 lendc1440 nachec1440 luddocka1475 rearwarda1475 croupc1475 rumpc1475 dock1508 hurdies1535 bunc1538 sitting place1545 bottom?c1550 prat1567 nates1581 backside1593 crupper1594 posteriorums1596 catastrophe1600 podex1601 posterior1605 seat1607 poop1611 stern1631 cheek1639 breeka1642 doup1653 bumkin1658 bumfiddle1661 assa1672 butt1675 quarter1678 foundation1681 toby1681 bung1691 rear1716 fud1722 moon1756 derrière1774 rass1790 stern-post1810 sit-down1812 hinderland1817 hinderling1817 nancy1819 ultimatum1823 behinda1830 duff?1837 botty1842 rear end1851 latter end1852 hinder?1857 sit1862 sit-me-down1866 stern-works1879 tuchus1886 jacksy-pardy1891 sit-upon1910 can1913 truck-end1913 sitzfleisch1916 B.T.M.1919 fanny1919 bot1922 heinie1922 beam1929 yas yas1929 keister1931 batty1935 bim1935 arse-end1937 twat1937 okole1938 bahookie1939 bohunkus1941 quoit1941 patoot1942 rusty-dusty1942 dinger1943 jacksie1943 zatch1950 ding1957 booty1959 patootie1959 buns1960 wazoo1961 tush1962 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. i. 62 Away you scullian..ile tickle your catastrophe . View more context for this quotation 3. a. An event producing a subversion of the order or system of things. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > sudden or complete change > [noun] leapc1000 lope14.. revolution?a1439 reverse?1492 metamorphosis1548 transformation1581 earthquake1592 upside down1593 metamorphose1608 sea-changea1616 peritropea1656 transilience1657 transiliency1661 saltus1665 catastrophe1696 peristrophe1716 transiliency1769 upheaving1821 upset1822 saltation1844 shake1847 upheaval1850 cataclysm1861 shake-out1939 virage1989 1696 Month. Mercury VII. 91 The Consternation and Confusion..upon such a sudden Catastrophy. 1717 D. Defoe Mem. Church of Scotl. i. 2 Her many Revolutions, Convulsions, and Catastrophes. 1871 F. W. Farrar Witness of Hist. iii. 92 God reveals His will not by sudden catastrophes and violent revolutions. b. esp. in Geology. A sudden and violent change in the physical order of things, such as a sudden upheaval, depression, or convulsion affecting the earth's surface, and the living beings upon it, by which some have supposed that the successive geological periods were suddenly brought to an end. (Cf. cataclysm n., catastrophism n.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > convulsion > [noun] convulsiona1701 catastrophe1832 cataclysm1833 1832 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 2) I. 89. 1832 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 2) II. 160. 1858 W. Whewell Novum Organon Renov. 25 There are, in the palætiological sciences, two antagonist doctrines: catastrophes and uniformity. 1887 Spectator 7 May 626/1 No geologist of repute now believes that mountain-ranges originated in catastrophes. 4. A sudden disaster, wide-spread, very fatal, or signal. (In the application of exaggerated language to misfortunes it is used very loosely.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > instance of misfortune or ill-luck > dreadful or severe tragedy1509 calamity1552 disaster1567 fatality1648 stroke1686 catastrophe1748 tragic1847 big one1978 meltdown1979 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. ii. 319 Thus were we all..reduced to the utmost despair by this catastrophe. 1795 E. Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 289 The public catastrophe was actually completed by the actual recall of Lord F. 1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic II. iii. v. 314 An inundation, more tremendous than any..recorded in those annals so prolific in such catastrophes. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xiii. 131 This fishery is fearfully hazardous; scarcely a year passes without a catastrophe. 1889 N.E.D. at Catastrophe Mod. Our hostess was immensely relieved that dinner had gone off without any catastrophe. My luggage has not arrived: what a catastrophe! Draft additions 1997 catastrophe theory n. Mathematics the topological description of systems which display abrupt discontinuous change. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > theories or branches of menadry1570 pure mathematics1605 mechanics1612 residuation1846 chaos theory1880 number theory1901 formalism1913 intuitionism1913 replacement theory1914 biomathematics1923 proof theory1929 finitism1935 mereology1938 combinatorics1941 cryptarithmetic1943 game theory1945 numerical analysis1946 queueing theory1951 constructivism1959 complexity1963 catastrophe theory1971 chaology1985 1969 R. Thom in Topology VIII. 319 It is not too difficult a task to find all possible singularities V(x) of finite codimension not exceeding four. These singularities are important, because they may appear on our space–time in a structurally stable way. They give rise to what we call the ‘elementary catastrophes’, when we interpret them as describing dynamical fields on our space–time.] 1971 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Dec. 1557/3 Another interesting feature of catastrophe theory is called the divergence effect. 1973 Internat. Jrnl. Neurosci. 6 39/1 We can explicitly use catastrophe theory to explain and predict psychological phenomena. 1987 Brit. Jrnl. Sociol. 38 503 Catastrophe theory is itself said to be in a catastrophic state. 1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 294/1 Gravitational optics has an important connection with the branch of mathematics known as catastrophe theory. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1579
随便看	fetch-and-carry fetch-candle fetch-fire fetch-life fetch-light fetch-like fetch-up fetch-water fetchabout fetchafter fetchandcarry fetchcandle fetched fetched up fetcher fetcher and carrier fetcher in fetchers fetches fetches up fetchfire fetching fetching of boards fetching up fetchinglier