单词 | catastrophism |
释义 | catastrophismn. The theory that certain geological and biological phenomena were caused by catastrophes, or sudden and violent disturbances of nature, rather than by continuous and uniform processes. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > theory of formation of earth > [noun] > violent disturbance catastrophism1869 1869 Huxley in Sci. Opinion 21 Apr. 464/1 By Catastrophism I mean any form of geological speculation which..supposes the operation of forces different in their nature..from those which we at present see in action. 1883 H. Drummond Nat. Law in Spiritual World 19 It was the Geology of Catastrophism. Draft additions June 2004 The theory that social and political change occurs in sudden and violent upheavals. ΚΠ 1923 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 28 734 Little by little the conclusion gathered the force of demonstration in social science that, whatever may prove to be more particular principles of human relationships, gradualism rather than catastrophism is the universal manner of social cause and effect. 1953 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 47 41 Bipartisanship helps to create and to strengthen stereotypes which inhibit thought and breed violent emotion. Inevitably it becomes the handmaid of a dogma of utopian catastrophism. 1961 A. Schlesinger in Internat. Affairs 38 (1962) 133 The whole point of the New Deal lay in its faith in ‘the exercise of Democracy’, its belief in gradualness, its rejection of catastrophism. 1976 Philos. & Public Affairs 5 321 Rejecting what he calls Marx's catastrophism and asserting that socialism is developing inside capitalist society, Bernstein substitutes for Marxist theory of transition to socialism a theory closer to Marx's theory of transition to capitalism. 1999 Boundary 2 26 236 Both of these contemporary theories of decolonizing nationalism are disillusioned and sobering. They do not exhibit the catastrophism and eschatology of a Marx or a Fanon. Draft additions June 2004 [after Polish katastrofizm (A. Hertz 1932, in Droga No. 6).] A literary movement characterized by its pessimistic vision, associated with the Żagary group of poets in Poland in the 1930s. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary world > [noun] > literary movements or theories romanticism1821 romantism1828 naturalism1845 realism1856 sensationism1862 symbolism1866 classicisma1878 eroticism1881 impressionism1883 sensitivism1891 verism1892 neoclassicism1893 veritism1894 social realism1898 neo-realism1908 futurism1909 Félibrism1911 postmodernism1914 vorticism1914 Dada1918 Dadaism1918 Scythism1921 Scythianism1923 Russian Formalism1925 surrealism1927 Neue Sachlichkeit1929 populism1930 Sachlichkeit1930 dirty realism1931 ultraism1932 thingism1935 formalism1943 organicism1945 lettrism1946 New Wave1960 socialist realism1967 catastrophism1969 pointillism1972 po-mo1986 1969 C. Milosz Hist. Polish Lit. 405 Cosmic visions of a doomsday made their appearances in poems, treated sometimes with solemnity, sometimes with macabre buffoonery. To some of these poets, the term ‘catastrophism’ has been applied. 1988 E. Możejko in Between Anxiety & Hope 3 The singularity of Miłosz's poetic pronouncement was classified by literary critics as belonging to the ‘second avant-garde’; its early phase was defined as catastrophism. 1999 Partisan Rev. 66 25 There has always been Milosz's work a fundamental element of catastrophism, a grave open-eyed lucidity about the twentieth century. Draft additions June 2004 The interpretation of events as disastrous; pessimism. ΚΠ 1996 National Rev. 31 Dec. 35/2 An increase in catastrophism. Militias, survivalists, paramilitary confraternities: all these groups will increase in an effort to forge a protective community ranged against whatever forces of darkness..they fear. 2001 Technol. Rev. 104 39/1 The good news..is that there is little call for catastrophism. The country's sheer size and the distributed nature of many aspects of the infrastructure..limit the amount of disruption any single terrorist group could cause. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.1869 |
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