centauryn.

Brit.

/ˈsɛntɔːri/, U.S.

/ˈsɛnˌtɔri/

Forms:

α. Old English centaurian (accusative), Middle English centary, Middle English centarye, Middle English centaure, Middle English centoyre, Middle English centure, Middle English sayntorye, Middle English sentaurye, Middle English sentryȝe, Middle English–1500s centorye, Middle English–1500s centurie, Middle English–1600s centorie, Middle English–1600s sentory, Middle English–1800s centory, Middle English– centaury, 1500s centarie, 1500s centaurye, 1500s centuary, 1500s sentorye, 1500s–1600s centaurie, 1600s centoury, 1600s century, 1600s sentorie, 1600s–1700s centery, 1600s–1700s centry.

β. Old English–1500s centauria, Middle English–1600s centaurea.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin centaurea; French centauree.

Etymology: Originally < post-classical Latin centaurea, centauria (see below); subsequently reinforced by Anglo-Norman centauree, centaurie, centorie, sentorie, centoré, centurie, Anglo-Norman and Middle French centaurée, centoire (French centaurée ) common centaury (13th cent. or earlier) < post-classical Latin centaurea , centauria (4th cent.), alteration (with change of gender) of classical Latin centaurēum (also centaurium , centaurion ) < Hellenistic Greek κενταύρειον (also κενταύριον ) < ancient Greek Κένταυρος centaur n. + -ειον (or -ιον ), suffix forming nouns (compare ancient Greek Κενταύρειος of or relating to centaurs). Compare Old Occitan centaura , senturia (both 14th cent.), Spanish centaura , †centauria (both 15th cent.), Italian centaurea , †centaura (both early 14th cent.). Compare centaurea n.The medicinal properties of the plants at sense 1a were said to have been discovered by the centaur Chiron of Greek mythology (Isidore Origines 17. 9. 33). With greater centaury at sense 1a (etc.), lesser centaury at sense 1a (etc.), compare classical Latin centaurium maius , centaurium minus , Hellenistic Greek κενταύριον μέγα , κενταύριον τὸ μικρὸν (respectively). In Old English probably a weak feminine (centaurie ), in common with other plant names borrowed from Latin (in naturalized form attested only in the accusative singular centaurian at α. forms). The unassimilated Latin form centauria is also attested (with Latin case inflection); see β. forms.

a. Either of two European plants of the gentian family ( Gentianaceae), Centaurium erythraea (more fully common centaury, †less centaury, †lesser centaury, †small centaury, †smaller centaury), and yellow-wort, Blackstonia perfoliata (in full yellow centaury, †more centaury, †great centaury, †greater centaury). Centaurium erythraea (formerly Gentiana Centaurium, Erythraea centaurium) is a biennial (rarely annual) herbaceous plant having pink flowers with five lobes. Blackstonia perfoliata (formerly Chlora perfoliata) is a somewhat taller annual herbaceous plant having yellow flowers with four to eight lobes. Both, like many gentians, are extremely bitter in taste, and were formerly often used in tonics and febrifuges.The name yellow centaury is now more commonly used for another plant of the gentian family, Cicendia filiformis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > centaury

centauryeOE

earth-galleOE

feverfewOE

Christ's ladderc1300

feltrikec1440

horse-galla1500

gall of the earth1567

gall-wort1577

marsh centaury1670

yellow-wort1783

eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. viii. 186 Nim centaurian, þæt is felterre, sume hatað hyrdewyrt, sume eorðgeallan.

OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) xxxv. 80 Ðeos sylfe wyrt centauria ys swyþe scearpnumul niwe wunda & wide to gehælenne.

c1300 in D. A. Trotter Multilingualism in Later Medieval Brit. (2000) 143 Recipe fenyl-rote, persil-rote, violette, dayse, weybrede, hertistunge, musere, liverwrt, centorie, linary, [etc.].

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. lxxiii. 964 He is nouȝt so bitter of complexioun þough he be condempned [prob. read demed] of wise men in olde tyme in floures, leues, and many oþere parties nouȝt lasse worþ in medicine þan þe lasse centaurea.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 239 (MED) Medicyns laxatiuis, summe ben..centaurea, agaricus, & infusioun of aloes.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 143 Take youre laxatyues Of Lauriol Centaur [c1415 Corpus Oxf. Centure, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 sentaurye] and Fumetere.

?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 11^v (MED) Centory is ij maner, the more and þe lasse; and for the more is not well knowen we takyn þe lasse, whiche is drye.

1526 Grete Herball xci. sig. F.ii/2 Centaurea is centory... The grete centory is of moost myght.

?1540 Knowl., Properties, & Vertues Herbes (new ed.) sig. Cii^v Centauria maior..the more centory or earth gell.

1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 138/1 Boyle Sentorye in wine, & drinck therof warme.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxv. vi. 221 This is that Centaurie, which we here in Italie call Fel Terræ..by reason of the exceeding bitternesse which it hath.

1664 Meth. Chem. Philos. & Physick iii. xxiv. 208 These [sc. vulnerary simples] are the simples hyrundinaria, centaurea, and pyrola, boil them together with wine in a vessel well stopt untill the Consumption, afterward in a vessel full of water.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 97/2 Yellow Centory hath the leaves seven or eight on a side.

1769 J. Wallis Nat. Hist. Northumberland I. 217 Yellow Centaury is frequent in the dry hilly pastures about a quarter of a mile west from Honeyclugh-crag.

1772 tr. P.-J. Buc'hoz Toilet of Flora cliv. 141 A Liniment to destroy Nits. Take Oil of Bays, Oil of Sweet Almonds, and old Hogs Lard..the smaller Centaury and Salt of Sulphur.

1784 J. Twamley Dairying Exemplified 114 Centaury, lesser centaury or gentian, is an extream bitter plant.

1828 R. Thomas Mod. Pract. Physic (ed. 8) 219 Some years ago, the Portland powder, (a compound of bitter ingredients, viz. equal parts of the roots of round birthwort and gentian,..and of the tops of the lesser centaury, all dried,) was much used by gouty people.

1861 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. IV. 8 Common Centaury..a pretty and frequent plant on heaths.

1903 Garden 17 Oct. 267/1 Yellow Centaury (Chlora perfoliata).—This plant is a familiar one in chalk countries, easily known by its eight yellow petals and perfoliate, or rather connate, leaves.

1924 W. H. Fitch et al. Illustr. Brit. Flora (ed. 5) 169 Erythræa Centaurium Pers. Common centaury; p[in]k.

1999 National Trust Mag. Autumn 33 There is the vivid lilac of the greater scabious, the rosy blush of the centaury and the deep yellow of the St John's wort in flower.

b. Any of the other plants of the genus Centaurium, or of certain other genera of the family Gentianaceae. Often with distinguishing word.American centaury, marsh centaury, yellow centaury: see the first element.

ΚΠ

1764 C. G. Reuter Wachau oder Dobbs Parish (Moravian Arch. (Winston-Salem, North Carolina) MS Q653-2) 22 (margin) Centory.

1802 Med. Repository 5 164 Chironia angularis, or centaury; Gentiana saponaria, or blue gentian..; and the bark of several species of Salix, or willow—are weaker bitters than the yellow root.

1843 J. Torrey Flora State N.Y. II. 113 Sabbatia stellaris, Pursh. Salt-marsh Centaury.

1929 Queenslander 9 May 59 The manufacturers of a tonic nervine and stomachic proprietary line in New South Wales have used Australian Centaury on a large scale.

1937 Bull. Misc. Information (Royal Bot. Gardens, Kew) 497 Linnaeus..united the centauries with the gentians and other genera under the name Gentiana.

1978 Systematic Bot. 3 310 Aneuploidy is relatively uncommon in the Old World centauries.

2010 Independent 24 Aug. (Viewspaper section) 13/1 In the herbarium at Oxford University there is a pressed specimen of Guernsey Centaury.

†2. Originally (in full †great centaury, †greater centaury, †more centaury): a blue-flowered plant of the family Asteraceae ( Compositae), perhaps Rhaponticoides centaurium or Leuzea rhapontica (cf. rhapontic n. 2) (obsolete). In later use (usually with distinguishing word): any of various plants of (or formerly belonging to) the genus Centaurea (family Asteraceae ( Compositae)). Cf. centaurea n. Obsolete.mealy centaury: see the first element. [The application of the names great centaury , greater centaury , and more centaury to a plant very different from that known by the same name to earlier herbalists (see sense 1a and compare note in etymology) follows the use of post-classical Latin centaurium magnum and centaurium maius by Jean Ruel (in his translations of Dioscorides and in De natura stirpium libri tres, both first half of the 16th cent.).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > greater centaury

great centaury1542

rhapontic1548

centaurea1760

1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Rhamponticum, the herbe and roote called the more and greate Centory, it is named of Plinius (as Ruellius wryteth) Rhacoma.

1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. I.i Great centaury other wyse called ruponticum hath leues like vnto a walnot tree... The floure is blew.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. ix. 325 The great Centorie..The flowers be of small hearie threddes or thrommes, of a lyght blewe purple colour, and they growe out of the scalye knoppes at the toppes of the braunches.

1617 J. Mosan tr. C. Wirsung Gen. Pract. Physick 2nd Table It is..called with vs pontish Rubarbe, to distinguish it from the roote of the great Centorie, which we do commonly call Rapontica.

1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. iii. 312 You have..several sorts of the great Centaury.

1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. 246 (table) Centaurea, Centaury.

1789 W. Aiton Hortus Kewensis III. 258 [Centaurea] nigra..Black Centaury, or Knapweed... Cyanus... Corn Centaury, or Blue-bottle.

1804 B. S. Barton Coll. Ess. towards Materia Medica U.S. ii. 15 This..is not the plant which is called Centory, or ‘Centry’, in Philadelphia, &c., where it is so commonly employed both by physicians, and as a domestic remedy in almost every family.

1829 W. Cobbett Eng. Gardener vii. §436 Centaury, or sweet sultan.—Lat. Centaurea moschata.

1830 G. Spratt Flora Medica II. 175 This species of Centaury [sc. Centaurea Benedicta] is an annual plant, a native of the south of Europe.

1905 Daily Chron. 23 Mar. 2/7 Hardly the smallest garden is without one or more representatives of the centaurea, or centaury. The most popular varieties are C. Cyanus..and C. moschata.

1913 A. Teixeira de Mattos tr. J. H. Fabre in Bookman Sept. 79/1 Next, in respect of number, come the centauries, grim-looking one and all, bristling with prickles or starry halberds. They are the yellow-flowered centaury, the mountain centaury, the star-thistle, and the rough centaury.

Compounds

General attributive (chiefly in sense 1a).

ΚΠ

1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. ci^v Secondaryly all flowres water of hote herbes, as camomyll flowres, centory flowres, Archangell flowres, [etc.].

1647 R. Fanshawe tr. B. Guarini Pastor Fido v. vii. 204 And there a flasket with this Plant doth fill..: thence squeesing out The juice, and mingling it with Cent'ry-root and Plantain leafe.

1789 W. Aiton Hortus Kewensis I. 323 Centory Gentian, or Lesser Centory. Nat. of Britain.

1793 W. Woodville Med. Bot. III. 437 The tops of Centaury plant are directed for use by the Colleges, and are most commonly given in infusion.

1858 L. Feuchtwanger Fermented Liquors xii. 94 All the bitter liquors, so called,..are mostly composed of gentian-root, orange-peel, centaury-flowers, chamomile flowers, calamus-root, and coriander-seed.

1903 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 21 Mar. 418/2 Vogl has found centaury herb largely admixed with willow herb.

2002 J. Barnard Bach's Flower Remedies 111 Centaury leaves are slightly cupped so as to incline the rainwater to run to the centre and so to the root.

Derivatives

† centaurin n. [after French centaurine (attributed to Dulong d'Astafort 1830, in Mémorial des hôpitaux du Midi II. 374)] Obsolete a bitter substance isolated from common centaury, Centaurium erythraea.

ΚΠ

1831 Jrnl. Philadelphia Coll. Pharmacy 2 Miscellany 340 Centaurine.—At a sitting of the Society of Pharmacy of Paris, 14th of July 1830, M. Dulong of Astrafort, pharmacien, announced the presence of a new product from the centaury, possessing powerful febrifuge properties, and which he designates hydrochlorate of centaurine.

1866 J. T. B. Syme Sowerby's Eng. Bot. (ed. 3) VI. 68 Its active principle is known to chemists as Centaurin, which in combination with hydrochloric acid is a remedy in low fevers.

† centaurite n. Obsolete rare a bitter substance isolated from holy thistle, Centaurea benedicta; (probably) = cnicin n.

ΚΠ

1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 707 Centaurite. This name may be given to the bitter substance which exists in the leaves of the centaurea benedicta.

1859 L. E. Jones & J. M. Scudder Amer. Eclectic Materia Medica & Therapeutics II. 38 The leaves contain..a bitter principle to which the name centaurite, or cnicin [printed cniein] has been given.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	centaury
释义	centauryn. Brit. /ˈsɛntɔːri/, U.S. /ˈsɛnˌtɔri/ Forms: α. Old English centaurian (accusative), Middle English centary, Middle English centarye, Middle English centaure, Middle English centoyre, Middle English centure, Middle English sayntorye, Middle English sentaurye, Middle English sentryȝe, Middle English–1500s centorye, Middle English–1500s centurie, Middle English–1600s centorie, Middle English–1600s sentory, Middle English–1800s centory, Middle English– centaury, 1500s centarie, 1500s centaurye, 1500s centuary, 1500s sentorye, 1500s–1600s centaurie, 1600s centoury, 1600s century, 1600s sentorie, 1600s–1700s centery, 1600s–1700s centry. β. Old English–1500s centauria, Middle English–1600s centaurea. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin centaurea; French centauree. Etymology: Originally < post-classical Latin centaurea, centauria (see below); subsequently reinforced by Anglo-Norman centauree, centaurie, centorie, sentorie, centoré, centurie, Anglo-Norman and Middle French centaurée, centoire (French centaurée ) common centaury (13th cent. or earlier) < post-classical Latin centaurea , centauria (4th cent.), alteration (with change of gender) of classical Latin centaurēum (also centaurium , centaurion ) < Hellenistic Greek κενταύρειον (also κενταύριον ) < ancient Greek Κένταυρος centaur n. + -ειον (or -ιον ), suffix forming nouns (compare ancient Greek Κενταύρειος of or relating to centaurs). Compare Old Occitan centaura , senturia (both 14th cent.), Spanish centaura , †centauria (both 15th cent.), Italian centaurea , †centaura (both early 14th cent.). Compare centaurea n.The medicinal properties of the plants at sense 1a were said to have been discovered by the centaur Chiron of Greek mythology (Isidore Origines 17. 9. 33). With greater centaury at sense 1a (etc.), lesser centaury at sense 1a (etc.), compare classical Latin centaurium maius , centaurium minus , Hellenistic Greek κενταύριον μέγα , κενταύριον τὸ μικρὸν (respectively). In Old English probably a weak feminine (centaurie ), in common with other plant names borrowed from Latin (in naturalized form attested only in the accusative singular centaurian at α. forms). The unassimilated Latin form centauria is also attested (with Latin case inflection); see β. forms. 1. a. Either of two European plants of the gentian family ( Gentianaceae), Centaurium erythraea (more fully common centaury, †less centaury, †lesser centaury, †small centaury, †smaller centaury), and yellow-wort, Blackstonia perfoliata (in full yellow centaury, †more centaury, †great centaury, †greater centaury). Centaurium erythraea (formerly Gentiana Centaurium, Erythraea centaurium) is a biennial (rarely annual) herbaceous plant having pink flowers with five lobes. Blackstonia perfoliata (formerly Chlora perfoliata) is a somewhat taller annual herbaceous plant having yellow flowers with four to eight lobes. Both, like many gentians, are extremely bitter in taste, and were formerly often used in tonics and febrifuges.The name yellow centaury is now more commonly used for another plant of the gentian family, Cicendia filiformis. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > centaury centauryeOE earth-galleOE feverfewOE Christ's ladderc1300 feltrikec1440 horse-galla1500 gall of the earth1567 gall-wort1577 marsh centaury1670 yellow-wort1783 eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) ii. viii. 186 Nim centaurian, þæt is felterre, sume hatað hyrdewyrt, sume eorðgeallan. OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) xxxv. 80 Ðeos sylfe wyrt centauria ys swyþe scearpnumul niwe wunda & wide to gehælenne. c1300 in D. A. Trotter Multilingualism in Later Medieval Brit. (2000) 143 Recipe fenyl-rote, persil-rote, violette, dayse, weybrede, hertistunge, musere, liverwrt, centorie, linary, [etc.]. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. lxxiii. 964 He is nouȝt so bitter of complexioun þough he be condempned [prob. read demed] of wise men in olde tyme in floures, leues, and many oþere parties nouȝt lasse worþ in medicine þan þe lasse centaurea. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 239 (MED) Medicyns laxatiuis, summe ben..centaurea, agaricus, & infusioun of aloes. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 143 Take youre laxatyues Of Lauriol Centaur [c1415 Corpus Oxf. Centure, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 sentaurye] and Fumetere. ?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 11^v (MED) Centory is ij maner, the more and þe lasse; and for the more is not well knowen we takyn þe lasse, whiche is drye. 1526 Grete Herball xci. sig. F.ii/2 Centaurea is centory... The grete centory is of moost myght. ?1540 Knowl., Properties, & Vertues Herbes (new ed.) sig. Cii^v Centauria maior..the more centory or earth gell. 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 138/1 Boyle Sentorye in wine, & drinck therof warme. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxv. vi. 221 This is that Centaurie, which we here in Italie call Fel Terræ..by reason of the exceeding bitternesse which it hath. 1664 Meth. Chem. Philos. & Physick iii. xxiv. 208 These [sc. vulnerary simples] are the simples hyrundinaria, centaurea, and pyrola, boil them together with wine in a vessel well stopt untill the Consumption, afterward in a vessel full of water. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 97/2 Yellow Centory hath the leaves seven or eight on a side. 1769 J. Wallis Nat. Hist. Northumberland I. 217 Yellow Centaury is frequent in the dry hilly pastures about a quarter of a mile west from Honeyclugh-crag. 1772 tr. P.-J. Buc'hoz Toilet of Flora cliv. 141 A Liniment to destroy Nits. Take Oil of Bays, Oil of Sweet Almonds, and old Hogs Lard..the smaller Centaury and Salt of Sulphur. 1784 J. Twamley Dairying Exemplified 114 Centaury, lesser centaury or gentian, is an extream bitter plant. 1828 R. Thomas Mod. Pract. Physic (ed. 8) 219 Some years ago, the Portland powder, (a compound of bitter ingredients, viz. equal parts of the roots of round birthwort and gentian,..and of the tops of the lesser centaury, all dried,) was much used by gouty people. 1861 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. IV. 8 Common Centaury..a pretty and frequent plant on heaths. 1903 Garden 17 Oct. 267/1 Yellow Centaury (Chlora perfoliata).—This plant is a familiar one in chalk countries, easily known by its eight yellow petals and perfoliate, or rather connate, leaves. 1924 W. H. Fitch et al. Illustr. Brit. Flora (ed. 5) 169 Erythræa Centaurium Pers. Common centaury; p[in]k. 1999 National Trust Mag. Autumn 33 There is the vivid lilac of the greater scabious, the rosy blush of the centaury and the deep yellow of the St John's wort in flower. b. Any of the other plants of the genus Centaurium, or of certain other genera of the family Gentianaceae. Often with distinguishing word.American centaury, marsh centaury, yellow centaury: see the first element. ΚΠ 1764 C. G. Reuter Wachau oder Dobbs Parish (Moravian Arch. (Winston-Salem, North Carolina) MS Q653-2) 22 (margin) Centory. 1802 Med. Repository 5 164 Chironia angularis, or centaury; Gentiana saponaria, or blue gentian..; and the bark of several species of Salix, or willow—are weaker bitters than the yellow root. 1843 J. Torrey Flora State N.Y. II. 113 Sabbatia stellaris, Pursh. Salt-marsh Centaury. 1929 Queenslander 9 May 59 The manufacturers of a tonic nervine and stomachic proprietary line in New South Wales have used Australian Centaury on a large scale. 1937 Bull. Misc. Information (Royal Bot. Gardens, Kew) 497 Linnaeus..united the centauries with the gentians and other genera under the name Gentiana. 1978 Systematic Bot. 3 310 Aneuploidy is relatively uncommon in the Old World centauries. 2010 Independent 24 Aug. (Viewspaper section) 13/1 In the herbarium at Oxford University there is a pressed specimen of Guernsey Centaury. †2. Originally (in full †great centaury, †greater centaury, †more centaury): a blue-flowered plant of the family Asteraceae ( Compositae), perhaps Rhaponticoides centaurium or Leuzea rhapontica (cf. rhapontic n. 2) (obsolete). In later use (usually with distinguishing word): any of various plants of (or formerly belonging to) the genus Centaurea (family Asteraceae ( Compositae)). Cf. centaurea n. Obsolete.mealy centaury: see the first element. [The application of the names great centaury , greater centaury , and more centaury to a plant very different from that known by the same name to earlier herbalists (see sense 1a and compare note in etymology) follows the use of post-classical Latin centaurium magnum and centaurium maius by Jean Ruel (in his translations of Dioscorides and in De natura stirpium libri tres, both first half of the 16th cent.).] ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > greater centaury great centaury1542 rhapontic1548 centaurea1760 1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Rhamponticum, the herbe and roote called the more and greate Centory, it is named of Plinius (as Ruellius wryteth) Rhacoma. 1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. I.i Great centaury other wyse called ruponticum hath leues like vnto a walnot tree... The floure is blew. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. ix. 325 The great Centorie..The flowers be of small hearie threddes or thrommes, of a lyght blewe purple colour, and they growe out of the scalye knoppes at the toppes of the braunches. 1617 J. Mosan tr. C. Wirsung Gen. Pract. Physick 2nd Table It is..called with vs pontish Rubarbe, to distinguish it from the roote of the great Centorie, which we do commonly call Rapontica. 1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. iii. 312 You have..several sorts of the great Centaury. 1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. 246 (table) Centaurea, Centaury. 1789 W. Aiton Hortus Kewensis III. 258 [Centaurea] nigra..Black Centaury, or Knapweed... Cyanus... Corn Centaury, or Blue-bottle. 1804 B. S. Barton Coll. Ess. towards Materia Medica U.S. ii. 15 This..is not the plant which is called Centory, or ‘Centry’, in Philadelphia, &c., where it is so commonly employed both by physicians, and as a domestic remedy in almost every family. 1829 W. Cobbett Eng. Gardener vii. §436 Centaury, or sweet sultan.—Lat. Centaurea moschata. 1830 G. Spratt Flora Medica II. 175 This species of Centaury [sc. Centaurea Benedicta] is an annual plant, a native of the south of Europe. 1905 Daily Chron. 23 Mar. 2/7 Hardly the smallest garden is without one or more representatives of the centaurea, or centaury. The most popular varieties are C. Cyanus..and C. moschata. 1913 A. Teixeira de Mattos tr. J. H. Fabre in Bookman Sept. 79/1 Next, in respect of number, come the centauries, grim-looking one and all, bristling with prickles or starry halberds. They are the yellow-flowered centaury, the mountain centaury, the star-thistle, and the rough centaury. Compounds General attributive (chiefly in sense 1a). ΚΠ 1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. ci^v Secondaryly all flowres water of hote herbes, as camomyll flowres, centory flowres, Archangell flowres, [etc.]. 1647 R. Fanshawe tr. B. Guarini Pastor Fido v. vii. 204 And there a flasket with this Plant doth fill..: thence squeesing out The juice, and mingling it with Cent'ry-root and Plantain leafe. 1789 W. Aiton Hortus Kewensis I. 323 Centory Gentian, or Lesser Centory. Nat. of Britain. 1793 W. Woodville Med. Bot. III. 437 The tops of Centaury plant are directed for use by the Colleges, and are most commonly given in infusion. 1858 L. Feuchtwanger Fermented Liquors xii. 94 All the bitter liquors, so called,..are mostly composed of gentian-root, orange-peel, centaury-flowers, chamomile flowers, calamus-root, and coriander-seed. 1903 Pharmaceut. Jrnl. 21 Mar. 418/2 Vogl has found centaury herb largely admixed with willow herb. 2002 J. Barnard Bach's Flower Remedies 111 Centaury leaves are slightly cupped so as to incline the rainwater to run to the centre and so to the root. Derivatives † centaurin n. [after French centaurine (attributed to Dulong d'Astafort 1830, in Mémorial des hôpitaux du Midi II. 374)] Obsolete a bitter substance isolated from common centaury, Centaurium erythraea. ΚΠ 1831 Jrnl. Philadelphia Coll. Pharmacy 2 Miscellany 340 Centaurine.—At a sitting of the Society of Pharmacy of Paris, 14th of July 1830, M. Dulong of Astrafort, pharmacien, announced the presence of a new product from the centaury, possessing powerful febrifuge properties, and which he designates hydrochlorate of centaurine. 1866 J. T. B. Syme Sowerby's Eng. Bot. (ed. 3) VI. 68 Its active principle is known to chemists as Centaurin, which in combination with hydrochloric acid is a remedy in low fevers. † centaurite n. Obsolete rare a bitter substance isolated from holy thistle, Centaurea benedicta; (probably) = cnicin n. ΚΠ 1838 T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 707 Centaurite. This name may be given to the bitter substance which exists in the leaves of the centaurea benedicta. 1859 L. E. Jones & J. M. Scudder Amer. Eclectic Materia Medica & Therapeutics II. 38 The leaves contain..a bitter principle to which the name centaurite, or cnicin [printed cniein] has been given. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.eOE
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