centripetaladj.

Brit.

/ˌsɛntrᵻˈpiːtl/,

/sɛnˈtrɪpᵻtl/,

/s(ə)nˈtrɪpᵻtl/, U.S.

/sɛnˈtrɪpədl/

Forms: 1600s centripetall, 1700s– centripetal.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin centripetus , -al suffix¹.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin and scientific Latin centripetus centre-seeking (1686 in Newton; < classical Latin centrum centre n.¹ + petere to seek: see repeat v.) + -al suffix¹. Compare French centripète (1700; < Latin). Compare centrifugal adj.With the formation of post-classical Latin centrifugus and centripetus compare much earlier use of lucifugus and lucipetus in Isidore Origines 12. 8. 9 musca lucipeta, blatta lucifuga est , ‘the fly seeks the light, the moth flees from it’; compare also classical Latin hērēdipeta (see heredipety n.), lucripeta (see lucripetous adj.). Specific senses. In sense 2a after scientific Latin centripetus (1788 or earlier). Pronunciation history. Like centrifugal adj., this word was probably originally stressed on the penultimate syllable, a pronunciation still prevailing in British usage. N.E.D. (1889) only gives a pronunciation with stress on the antepenultimate syllable.

1. Directed toward the centre, esp. of a circle. Contrasted with centrifugal adj. 1.

a. centripetal force n. any force that tends to cause a moving body to follow a circular or otherwise curved path by drawing the body towards the centre of the curve.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > centripetal

centripetal force1686

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > [noun] > towards a centre > force

centripetal force1686

1686 E. Halley Let. 29 June in I. Newton Corr. (1960) II. 442 I..concluded that the centripetall force decreased in the proportion of the squares of the distances reciprocally.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 43 Thus the Tangential and Centripetal Forces, by their Counter-struggle, make the Celestial Bodies describe an exact Ellipsis.

1748 T. Rutherforth Syst. Nat. Philos. II. 1002 We have shewn that the moons centripetal force is equal to the force of gravity.

1841 R. W. Emerson Ess. 1st Ser. (Boston ed.) 4 As the poise of my body depends on the equilibrium of centrifugal and centripetal forces.

1868 A. Smith Smith's Illustr. Astron. 11/2 If the attraction of the sun or centripetal force should cease, the planets would fly off into space in straight lines.

1934 Pop. Aviation Apr. 235/2 We have centrifugal and centripetal forces exerted when the object moves in a circular or curved path of other form.

1981 C. E. Dole Flight Theory & Aerodynam. vi. 194 The centripetal force in an automobile, which is making a turn, is generated by the friction of the car's tires on the pavement.

2005 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 19 Dec. b6/1 Human runners rounding a bend must counteract the effective increase in their body weight as both gravitational and centripetal forces work against them.

b. Directed toward the centre of a circle, esp. as a result of the action of a centripetal force; involving or relating to a centripetal force; as centripetal acceleration, centripetal tendency, etc.

ΚΠ

1705 G. Cheyne Philos. Princ. Nat. Relig. ii. 54 The resistence of the Medium cannot alter the Centripetal Motion, (so I call that whereby the Planet tends towards the Sun).

1784 T. Dewell Philos. Physic p. xi The most regular and uniform process of centripetal and centrifugal agency is always going on beyond the earth's atmosphere.

1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. 306 Were the centrifugal tendency to cease, the centripetal force would be uncontrolled, and the body would fall upon the attracting mass.

1884 A. Daniell Text Bk. Princ. Physics v. 72 The resultant of its tangential and its centripetal motions is an elliptical path which is approximately circular.

1948 J. G. Albright College Physics x. 119 Centripetal acceleration..results in a change in the vector part of the body's velocity, its direction, and not in the magnitude or scalar part.

2009 S. Priwer & C. Phillips Mod. Wonders (2015) vii. 96 Another physical principle that can be illustrated with a Ferris wheel is centripetal motion.

c. figurative and in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > [adjective] > towards a centre

centripetous1709

centripetala1711

a1711 T. Ken Sion iii, in Wks. (1721) IV. 419 They Unwing'd, as swiftly flew the spacious way, By their centripetal connat'ral Force, To their Triune, co-amiable Source.

a1763 W. Shenstone Wks. Verse & Prose (1764) II. 112 Indolence is a kind of centripetal force.

1800 Protestant Ascendancy & Catholic Emancipation ii. 57 If..the centripetal power should be added to the centrifugal, separation [of Ireland from Great Britain] must be the immediate consequence.

1870 W. E. Gladstone in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 557 While centripetal and centrifugal forces are thus engaged in mortal tug.

1955 C. S. Lewis Surprised by Joy xiv. 209 Up till now my thoughts had been centrifugal; now the centripetal movement had begun.

2013 M. Stocker Hear where we Are ii. 46 The call of the Muezzin is..more centripetal than bells—it is an attracting sound rather than a boundary-setting sound.

2. Botany.

†a. Of the radicle of a plant embryo: directed towards the centre or main axis of the fruit. Contrasted with centrifugal adj. 4a. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1800 J. Hull Elements Bot. I. 188/1 Radicle centripetal. Canna. Alpinia. Heliconia.

1875 Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1874–5 10 61 The radicle [of Pectocarya] is certainly not centrifugal, as stated by Alph. De Candolle.., but centripetal, as declared by Torrey.

1911 H. H. Rusby Man. Struct. Bot. xii. 133 The latter form [sc. the horizontal radicle] is Centrifugal when pointing toward the periphery, Centripetal when toward the axis.

b. Designating an inflorescence in which the lowest or outermost flowers open first; designating this pattern of anthesis; = indeterminate adj. 2d. Contrasted with centrifugal adj. 4b.

ΚΠ

1828 J. S. Henslow Syllabus Course Bot. Lect. 9 Inflorescence. 1. Axillary, indefinite, or centripetal. Spike—catkin (amentum)—cone (strobilus).

1862 J. H. Balfour Outl. Bot. (ed. 2) 211 The flowers are in heads (capitula), and open from the circumference outwards in an indefinite centripetal manner.

1944 Bot. Rev. 10 220 In a monochasium the development of a sympodial ‘false axis’ may result in an apparently centripetal inflorescence.

1980 W. Root Food 44/1 Concentration on the flower resulted in both cauliflower (centripetal inflorescence) and broccoli (centrifugal inflorescence).

2003 J. Bailey Facts on File Dict. Bot. 41/1 A centripetal inflorescence (e.g. the capitulum) is one in which the outer flowers open before those in the center.

a. Biology. Proceeding from the exterior or periphery of a body, organ, cell, etc., to the interior or centre; extending or growing in an inward direction; characterized by direction or movement inward to a centre.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > [adjective] > proceeding in a specific direction

centripetal1826

1826 J. Bell & R. La Roche tr. F. J. V. Broussais Treat. Physiol. appl. Pathol. ii. ii. 242 If..we reflect that the veins and lymphatic vessels, in a word, the entire centripetal vascular apparatus [Fr. l'appareil vasculaire centripète], does not receive any cords from the great sympathetic, we must admit, that the arterial or centrifugal vessels have a vital action somewhat different.

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 763/1 The law of centripetal development.

1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 291 As the centripetal calcification proceeds the caps are converted into horn-shaped cones.

1896 Philos. Trans. 1895 (Royal Soc.) B. 186 210 The intervertebral ring..is gradually being converted into bone by centripetal ossification.

1925 J. A. Thomson Concerning Evol. ii. 177 There is centripetal hormone action from the exaggerated antler-tissue to the corresponding factor in the germ-cells.

1981 S. T. Hoffstein in Methods Cell Biol. 23 xvii. 271 A centripetal movement of granules occurred..and granules became more crowded in the centriolar regions of the cell.

1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 30 In the root the protoxylem is located to the exterior..and development is centripetal.

2002 F. W. Wright Radiol. Chest & Related Conditions 13.8 Tumour involvement of the pleura..may be produced..by the reversal of the greater normal centripetal lymph flow, carrying tumour cells peripherally.

b. Physiology. Transmitting nerve impulses towards the brain or spinal cord, or towards a specific part of one of these; transmitted in such a direction; designating such transmission; = afferent adj. Contrasted with centrifugal adj. 3b.In quot. 1828, the use of the word ‘vibrations’ reflects an early theory of neural transmission.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > types of nerves > [adjective]

motive?a1425

recurrent1578

motory1683

refluent1741

abducent1752

motorial1768

internuncial1821

motor1823

centrifugal1828

unfilamentous1828

masticatory1834

aesthesodic1859

incito-motor1865

vaso-motor1865

kinesodic1874

centripetal1877

vaso-motorial1877

incito-motory1884

augmentor1885

pilomotor1891

postfixed1892

postganglionic1892

precellular1892

prefixed1892

preganglionic1892

plurisegmental1898

nocifensor1936

1828 S. D. Gross tr. A. L. J. Bayle & H. Hollard Man. Gen. Anat. vii. 153 According to the first [hypothesis]..the nerves perform their functions by the centripetal [Fr. centripète] and centrifugal transmission of vibrations.

1838 Eclectic Jrnl. Med. 2 340 These phenomena may be owing..secondly, to its [sc. strychnia] action on the extremities of the centripetal nerves.

1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 52 The centripetal or sensory nerves.

1894 Lancet 29 Dec. 1555/1 Each nerve cell appears to be a minute reflex apparatus having centripetal or cellulipetal and centrifugal or cellulifugal processes, the former being represented by the protoplasmic processes.

1916 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 12 Aug. 220/1 The centripetal impulses from the irritation of the foot sole reach the..flexor centres of all five toes.

1951 G. R. de Beer Vertebr. Zool. (ed. 2) ii. 14 The axons which go to make up the sensory or afferent fibres of the dorsal nerve-roots are derived in part from..centripetal processes formed directly from the sensory cells in the skin.

2011 Vision Res. 51 1530/2 The number of centrifugal fibers projecting back from the visual cortex to the lateral geniculate nucleus exceeds the number of centripetal fibers by an order of magnitude.

4. Designating a machine or device that employs centripetal force, as centripetal press, centripetal pump, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > types of machine generally > [adjective] > other types

stout1702

multiplying1767

reciprocating1768

locomotive1800

centripetal1835

self-contained1839

uniplane1843

high-speed1844

powered1847

flexible1859

undergrounda1884

chip-proof1901

portable1913

batch1940

closed-loop1958

interactive1967

1835 N.Y. Spectator 30 Nov. Isaac Slocum, Grand st, N Y, for a centripetal pump. A diploma.

1850 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 3rd Ser. 19 110 List of American Patents which issued in the Month of July, 1849... 1. For a Centripetal Press; James E. Serrell and David Smith, City of New York, July 3.

1896 Rep. 19th Triennial Exhib. Mass. Charitable Mechanic Assoc. 110 The Centripetal Fan. A high speed helical fan... This fan is highly efficient though somewhat noisy.

1918 G. C. Mansfield Hist. Butte County 776 He has installed a thirty-horsepower electric engine to run the six-inch vertical centripetal pump, with a capacity of twelve hundred fifty gallons per minute.

1950 R. Schlaifer & S. D. Heron Developm. Aircraft Engines xvi. 454 The centripetal turbine was free from all problems of attaching the blades to the disk.

2010 B. Weinstein & M. Scarbrough Real Food has Curves vi. 162 The honey is..extracted from the comb, usually by some sort of centripetal machine.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	centripetal
释义	centripetaladj. Brit. /ˌsɛntrᵻˈpiːtl/, /sɛnˈtrɪpᵻtl/, /s(ə)nˈtrɪpᵻtl/, U.S. /sɛnˈtrɪpədl/ Forms: 1600s centripetall, 1700s– centripetal. Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin centripetus , -al suffix¹. Etymology: < post-classical Latin and scientific Latin centripetus centre-seeking (1686 in Newton; < classical Latin centrum centre n.¹ + petere to seek: see repeat v.) + -al suffix¹. Compare French centripète (1700; < Latin). Compare centrifugal adj.With the formation of post-classical Latin centrifugus and centripetus compare much earlier use of lucifugus and lucipetus in Isidore Origines 12. 8. 9 musca lucipeta, blatta lucifuga est , ‘the fly seeks the light, the moth flees from it’; compare also classical Latin hērēdipeta (see heredipety n.), lucripeta (see lucripetous adj.). Specific senses. In sense 2a after scientific Latin centripetus (1788 or earlier). Pronunciation history. Like centrifugal adj., this word was probably originally stressed on the penultimate syllable, a pronunciation still prevailing in British usage. N.E.D. (1889) only gives a pronunciation with stress on the antepenultimate syllable. 1. Directed toward the centre, esp. of a circle. Contrasted with centrifugal adj. 1. a. centripetal force n. any force that tends to cause a moving body to follow a circular or otherwise curved path by drawing the body towards the centre of the curve. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > centripetal centripetal force1686 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > [noun] > towards a centre > force centripetal force1686 1686 E. Halley Let. 29 June in I. Newton Corr. (1960) II. 442 I..concluded that the centripetall force decreased in the proportion of the squares of the distances reciprocally. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 43 Thus the Tangential and Centripetal Forces, by their Counter-struggle, make the Celestial Bodies describe an exact Ellipsis. 1748 T. Rutherforth Syst. Nat. Philos. II. 1002 We have shewn that the moons centripetal force is equal to the force of gravity. 1841 R. W. Emerson Ess. 1st Ser. (Boston ed.) 4 As the poise of my body depends on the equilibrium of centrifugal and centripetal forces. 1868 A. Smith Smith's Illustr. Astron. 11/2 If the attraction of the sun or centripetal force should cease, the planets would fly off into space in straight lines. 1934 Pop. Aviation Apr. 235/2 We have centrifugal and centripetal forces exerted when the object moves in a circular or curved path of other form. 1981 C. E. Dole Flight Theory & Aerodynam. vi. 194 The centripetal force in an automobile, which is making a turn, is generated by the friction of the car's tires on the pavement. 2005 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 19 Dec. b6/1 Human runners rounding a bend must counteract the effective increase in their body weight as both gravitational and centripetal forces work against them. b. Directed toward the centre of a circle, esp. as a result of the action of a centripetal force; involving or relating to a centripetal force; as centripetal acceleration, centripetal tendency, etc. ΚΠ 1705 G. Cheyne Philos. Princ. Nat. Relig. ii. 54 The resistence of the Medium cannot alter the Centripetal Motion, (so I call that whereby the Planet tends towards the Sun). 1784 T. Dewell Philos. Physic p. xi The most regular and uniform process of centripetal and centrifugal agency is always going on beyond the earth's atmosphere. 1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. 306 Were the centrifugal tendency to cease, the centripetal force would be uncontrolled, and the body would fall upon the attracting mass. 1884 A. Daniell Text Bk. Princ. Physics v. 72 The resultant of its tangential and its centripetal motions is an elliptical path which is approximately circular. 1948 J. G. Albright College Physics x. 119 Centripetal acceleration..results in a change in the vector part of the body's velocity, its direction, and not in the magnitude or scalar part. 2009 S. Priwer & C. Phillips Mod. Wonders (2015) vii. 96 Another physical principle that can be illustrated with a Ferris wheel is centripetal motion. c. figurative and in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > [adjective] > towards a centre centripetous1709 centripetala1711 a1711 T. Ken Sion iii, in Wks. (1721) IV. 419 They Unwing'd, as swiftly flew the spacious way, By their centripetal connat'ral Force, To their Triune, co-amiable Source. a1763 W. Shenstone Wks. Verse & Prose (1764) II. 112 Indolence is a kind of centripetal force. 1800 Protestant Ascendancy & Catholic Emancipation ii. 57 If..the centripetal power should be added to the centrifugal, separation [of Ireland from Great Britain] must be the immediate consequence. 1870 W. E. Gladstone in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 557 While centripetal and centrifugal forces are thus engaged in mortal tug. 1955 C. S. Lewis Surprised by Joy xiv. 209 Up till now my thoughts had been centrifugal; now the centripetal movement had begun. 2013 M. Stocker Hear where we Are ii. 46 The call of the Muezzin is..more centripetal than bells—it is an attracting sound rather than a boundary-setting sound. 2. Botany. †a. Of the radicle of a plant embryo: directed towards the centre or main axis of the fruit. Contrasted with centrifugal adj. 4a. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1800 J. Hull Elements Bot. I. 188/1 Radicle centripetal. Canna. Alpinia. Heliconia. 1875 Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1874–5 10 61 The radicle [of Pectocarya] is certainly not centrifugal, as stated by Alph. De Candolle.., but centripetal, as declared by Torrey. 1911 H. H. Rusby Man. Struct. Bot. xii. 133 The latter form [sc. the horizontal radicle] is Centrifugal when pointing toward the periphery, Centripetal when toward the axis. b. Designating an inflorescence in which the lowest or outermost flowers open first; designating this pattern of anthesis; = indeterminate adj. 2d. Contrasted with centrifugal adj. 4b. ΚΠ 1828 J. S. Henslow Syllabus Course Bot. Lect. 9 Inflorescence. 1. Axillary, indefinite, or centripetal. Spike—catkin (amentum)—cone (strobilus). 1862 J. H. Balfour Outl. Bot. (ed. 2) 211 The flowers are in heads (capitula), and open from the circumference outwards in an indefinite centripetal manner. 1944 Bot. Rev. 10 220 In a monochasium the development of a sympodial ‘false axis’ may result in an apparently centripetal inflorescence. 1980 W. Root Food 44/1 Concentration on the flower resulted in both cauliflower (centripetal inflorescence) and broccoli (centrifugal inflorescence). 2003 J. Bailey Facts on File Dict. Bot. 41/1 A centripetal inflorescence (e.g. the capitulum) is one in which the outer flowers open before those in the center. 3. a. Biology. Proceeding from the exterior or periphery of a body, organ, cell, etc., to the interior or centre; extending or growing in an inward direction; characterized by direction or movement inward to a centre. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > [adjective] > proceeding in a specific direction centripetal1826 1826 J. Bell & R. La Roche tr. F. J. V. Broussais Treat. Physiol. appl. Pathol. ii. ii. 242 If..we reflect that the veins and lymphatic vessels, in a word, the entire centripetal vascular apparatus [Fr. l'appareil vasculaire centripète], does not receive any cords from the great sympathetic, we must admit, that the arterial or centrifugal vessels have a vital action somewhat different. 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 763/1 The law of centripetal development. 1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 291 As the centripetal calcification proceeds the caps are converted into horn-shaped cones. 1896 Philos. Trans. 1895 (Royal Soc.) B. 186 210 The intervertebral ring..is gradually being converted into bone by centripetal ossification. 1925 J. A. Thomson Concerning Evol. ii. 177 There is centripetal hormone action from the exaggerated antler-tissue to the corresponding factor in the germ-cells. 1981 S. T. Hoffstein in Methods Cell Biol. 23 xvii. 271 A centripetal movement of granules occurred..and granules became more crowded in the centriolar regions of the cell. 1992 M. Ingrouille Diversity & Evol. Land Plants 30 In the root the protoxylem is located to the exterior..and development is centripetal. 2002 F. W. Wright Radiol. Chest & Related Conditions 13.8 Tumour involvement of the pleura..may be produced..by the reversal of the greater normal centripetal lymph flow, carrying tumour cells peripherally. b. Physiology. Transmitting nerve impulses towards the brain or spinal cord, or towards a specific part of one of these; transmitted in such a direction; designating such transmission; = afferent adj. Contrasted with centrifugal adj. 3b.In quot. 1828, the use of the word ‘vibrations’ reflects an early theory of neural transmission. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > types of nerves > [adjective] motive?a1425 recurrent1578 motory1683 refluent1741 abducent1752 motorial1768 internuncial1821 motor1823 centrifugal1828 unfilamentous1828 masticatory1834 aesthesodic1859 incito-motor1865 vaso-motor1865 kinesodic1874 centripetal1877 vaso-motorial1877 incito-motory1884 augmentor1885 pilomotor1891 postfixed1892 postganglionic1892 precellular1892 prefixed1892 preganglionic1892 plurisegmental1898 nocifensor1936 1828 S. D. Gross tr. A. L. J. Bayle & H. Hollard Man. Gen. Anat. vii. 153 According to the first [hypothesis]..the nerves perform their functions by the centripetal [Fr. centripète] and centrifugal transmission of vibrations. 1838 Eclectic Jrnl. Med. 2 340 These phenomena may be owing..secondly, to its [sc. strychnia] action on the extremities of the centripetal nerves. 1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 52 The centripetal or sensory nerves. 1894 Lancet 29 Dec. 1555/1 Each nerve cell appears to be a minute reflex apparatus having centripetal or cellulipetal and centrifugal or cellulifugal processes, the former being represented by the protoplasmic processes. 1916 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 12 Aug. 220/1 The centripetal impulses from the irritation of the foot sole reach the..flexor centres of all five toes. 1951 G. R. de Beer Vertebr. Zool. (ed. 2) ii. 14 The axons which go to make up the sensory or afferent fibres of the dorsal nerve-roots are derived in part from..centripetal processes formed directly from the sensory cells in the skin. 2011 Vision Res. 51 1530/2 The number of centrifugal fibers projecting back from the visual cortex to the lateral geniculate nucleus exceeds the number of centripetal fibers by an order of magnitude. 4. Designating a machine or device that employs centripetal force, as centripetal press, centripetal pump, etc. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > types of machine generally > [adjective] > other types stout1702 multiplying1767 reciprocating1768 locomotive1800 centripetal1835 self-contained1839 uniplane1843 high-speed1844 powered1847 flexible1859 undergrounda1884 chip-proof1901 portable1913 batch1940 closed-loop1958 interactive1967 1835 N.Y. Spectator 30 Nov. Isaac Slocum, Grand st, N Y, for a centripetal pump. A diploma. 1850 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 3rd Ser. 19 110 List of American Patents which issued in the Month of July, 1849... 1. For a Centripetal Press; James E. Serrell and David Smith, City of New York, July 3. 1896 Rep. 19th Triennial Exhib. Mass. Charitable Mechanic Assoc. 110 The Centripetal Fan. A high speed helical fan... This fan is highly efficient though somewhat noisy. 1918 G. C. Mansfield Hist. Butte County 776 He has installed a thirty-horsepower electric engine to run the six-inch vertical centripetal pump, with a capacity of twelve hundred fifty gallons per minute. 1950 R. Schlaifer & S. D. Heron Developm. Aircraft Engines xvi. 454 The centripetal turbine was free from all problems of attaching the blades to the disk. 2010 B. Weinstein & M. Scarbrough Real Food has Curves vi. 162 The honey is..extracted from the comb, usually by some sort of centripetal machine. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.1686
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