† champn.¹

Etymology: < French champ in same senses < Latin campum field: compare camp n.²

Obsolete.

†1. A field. champ clos, champ of battle: the ground set apart and enclosed for a judicial duel, single combat, or tourney; also, a battle-field.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed encounter > battlefield > [noun]

fieldeOE

place?c1225

fletc1275

champ of battlec1300

champany?a1400

o laundon?a1400

palaestrac1425

battle-stead1487

fighting-stead1487

open fielda1500

spear-field1508

joining-place1513

camp1525

foughten field1569

battleground1588

Aceldama1607

champian?1611

field of honour1611

champaign1614

standing ground1662

fighting-field1676

battlefield1715

society > armed hostility > armed encounter > battlefield > [noun] > place for single combat

champ closc1300

field of honour1995

c1300 K. Alis. 5553 Kyng Alisaunder his armes nam..So dude kyng Porus, saunz faile, And comen hem to chaumpe bataile.

14.. Circumcis. in Tundale's Vis. 96 In champ [c] los hardy as lyon.

c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 603 Planicies, anglice Playn et etiam in panno anglice dicitur Champe.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 28 I offre my self allon ayenst .viij. the best knightes..For to fyghte in Champe cloos.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iv. ix. 250 To befight hys enemye within a clos felde which men calle champ of bataylle.

1816 M. Keating Trav. (1817) I. 161 The Moors of Spain are one of the most extraordinary nations that ever appeared..on the face of nature, or in the champ clos of politics.

2. Heraldry. The field of a shield.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > escutcheon or shield > [noun] > field of escutcheon

champc1320

fieldc1405

mouldc1440

c1320 Sir Beues 973 Þe champe of gold ful wel i-diȝt Wiþ fif lables of seluer briȝt.

1430 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iii. xxii His shielde..The champe of asure wrought full craftly.

3. Tapestry. The cloth which forms the ground on which the embroidery is worked.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric for specific purpose > [noun] > for embroidery or tapestry

groundc1386

champa1450

cammes1540

canvas1611

working canvas1612

Penelope canvas1851

Aida1877

a1450 Acts of Christ, MS Add. 11307 f. 97 (Halliw.) The chaumpe it was of red camelyn.

1539 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 36 Ane coit of quhite dammes with the champ of gold.

1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 320 In tirles dornik champ.

a. The ‘ground’ in painting.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > art of colouring > [noun] > laying on of colour > of preparatory layer > preparatory layer

grounda1398

champ1573

ground-colour1614

sublition1656

dead colour1658

imprimatura1951

1573 Treat. Arte of Limming 8 If you wil make a black vesture, take and laye firste a champe of light blacke mingled [with] white Leade.

b. ‘The field or ground on which carving is raised’ ( Oxf. Gloss. Arch.).

5. = camp n.² 14.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > part of town or city > [noun] > inhabited by similar people > foreigners

champ1673

camp1753

1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries (1738) II. 66 They..go to work in the streets, in the next Champ if any be near.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

champn.²

Brit.

/tʃamp/, U.S.

/tʃæmp/

Etymology: < champ v.

a. The action of champing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > [noun] > chewing

chewingc1000

chewc1200

mastication?a1425

chamming1528

chawing?1533

champing1592

champ1604

manducation1650

masticating1827

1604 Friar Bacon's Proph. in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. IV. 281 Lowre, and poute, and chafe, and champe, Brings all the household in a dampe.

1816 Ld. Byron Siege of Corinth xxii. 37 White is the foam of their champ on the bit.

1843 C. J. Lever Jack Hinton (1878) li. 328 The very monotonous champ of my horse feeding beside me.

1885 W. T. Hornady in Athenæum 5 Dec. 728/1 [The elephant] winds a soft juicy piece of it up to his mouth, and begins a measured ‘champ! champ! champ!’

b. dialect or slang. ‘Feeding’, appetite.

ΚΠ

1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Champ, appetite. ‘You're off your champ to-day. What's matter wi' ye.’

2. dialect. Anything champed or reduced to a pulp or soft mass; a trampled mire.

ΚΠ

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) Champ, a mire; as, ‘That's a perfect champ’.

1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down Champ, mashed potatoes.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

champn.³

Brit.

/tʃamp/, U.S.

/tʃæmp/

Etymology: < Hindi and Bengali champa = champak n.

The timber of the champak tree ( Michelia champaca) in its varieties; also that of Magnolia (Michelia) excelsa. Also champ-wood.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > magnolia

champ1830

champak1905

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 24 Magnolia excelsa has a valuable timber, called Champ.

1854 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. Brit. India (ed. 3) 262 The productions are, oaks..champ, magnolia.

1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Champ-wood, the timber of Michelia Champaca and M. excelsa.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

champn.⁴

Brit.

/tʃamp/, U.S.

/tʃæmp/

Etymology: Shortened < champion n.

colloquial (originally U.S.).

= champion n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > champion or expert

champion1721

championess1728

cock of the school1732

Tartar1785

star1811

holder1830

champ1868

scratch-man1877

scratch-player1888

back-marker1895

title holder1900

titlist1912

three-letter man1929

tiger1929

stickout1933

starlet1976

society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > [noun] > winning or win > winner

conqueror1601

winnera1616

Olympionicesta1656

champion1721

championess1728

holder1830

champ1868

title holder1900

victor ludorum1901

titlist1912

1868 New Eng. Base Ballist 6 Aug. 2/4 The ‘Champs’ enjoyed themselves in various ways during the morning.

1917 C. Mathewson Second Base Sloan xix. 262 We were the champs three years running.

a1935 T. E. Lawrence Mint (1955) i. xxvi. 90 She's a boxer; a proper champ.

1936 ‘P. Quentin’ Puzzle for Fools iv. 26 Had the nerve to challenge me for a tumble..me, an ex-champ!

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Jan. 38/3 U.S. Open champ Gay Brewer..had a 75 at Spyglass in the first round.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

champadj.

dialect.

Firm, hard.

ΚΠ

1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. II. 124 There is a remarkable strait champ Foot road, or Roman way. [Martin was a Surrey man.]

1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. Champ, firm, hard. ‘The river has a champ bottom.’

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2018).

champv.

Brit.

/tʃamp/, U.S.

/tʃæmp/

Forms: Also 1500s chaump, 1500s–1600s champe, 1600s and 1800s dialect chomp.

Etymology: Only since 16th cent. Cham (chawm , chamb ), champ , and the dialect chamble (Halliwell), appear all to belong to a primary chamb , apparently closely connected or identical with jam v.¹ (jamb), and jamble, to squeeze with violence, crush. The group is not distinctly traceable outside English: the Swedish dialect kämsa/tʃemsa/ to chew with difficulty (Rietz in Skeat), Sanskrit jambha jaw, tooth, and Greek γομϕίος grinder, molar tooth, have been compared; but links are wanting. Possibly the group is an instance of recent onomatopoeia: Wedgwood gives instances showing that cham(b), jam(b), are natural representations of the action or sound of the jaws in diverse and distant languages. An Old Norse kampa ‘to devour, used of a whiskered animal’ (Vigfusson) would not give English champ; E. Müller's suggestion of derivation < French champ field is devoid of basis.

1. transitive. To crush and chew by vigorous and noisy action of the jaws; to munch. Also with up.

ΘΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (transitive)] > munch or crunch

gruse?c1225

maungec1400

muncha1425

champ1530

crash1530

cham1531

chank1567

scranch1620

grouze1628

craunch1632

crump1647

denticate1799

crinch1808

crunch1814

scrunch1825

chomp1848

chump1854

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 480/2 I champe a thing small bytwene my tethe, je masche.

a1555 J. Bradford Two Notable Serm. (1574) sig. Hv^v You are his birdes..he wyll broch you and eate you, chaw you and champ you.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §738 Betel is but champed in the Mouth with a little Lime.

1638 D. Featley Transubstant. Exploded 129 I Berengarius doe beleeve the body of our Lord Jesus Christ to be sensually..broken and champt by the teeth of the faithfull.

1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle IV. xcix. 74 That I might be a real ass, and champ thistles on some common.

1850 R. W. Emerson Montaigne in Representative Men iv. 176 We have too little power of resistance against this ferocity which champs us up.

1864 Ld. Tennyson Specimen Transl. Iliad 21 Champing golden grain the horses stood.

figurative.1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 2238/2 Although he did well vnderstand latin, yet should he vnderstand few wordes therof; the Priestes doe so champe them and chaw them.a1630 D. Hume Hist. Houses Douglas & Angus (1644) To Rdr. Clip not, nor champ not my words.

2. transitive. To bite upon (anything hard); said especially of a horse which impatiently bites the bit in its mouth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [verb (transitive)] > champ the bit

gnipc1425

champ1577

fret1835

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 115 There stamping standes the steed, and fomy bridell fyerce hee champes.

1621 F. Quarles Hadassa (1638) 95 There stands a steed, and champs his frothy steele.

1797 W. Godwin Enquirer i. xvi. 156 A well-mettled horse [will] champ the bit.

1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 205 The very horses champed their bits.

1838 D. Jerrold J. Pippins in Men of Char. ii Sir Scipio—speechless and champing foam.

1859 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Aeneid xi, in tr. Virgil Wks. II. 448 Who..had fallen In death, and with his mouth once champed the earth.

3. intransitive or absol. To make a biting and chewing action or movement with the jaws and teeth.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [verb (intransitive)] > champ or pull against bit

champ1558

pull1791

1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos iv. (R.) The palfrey..on the fomy bit of gold with teeth he champes.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 68 On byt gingled he chaumpeth.

1613 J. Hayward Liues III. Normans 198 To swallow downe that morsel which had bene so unpleasant..to champe on.

1679 J. Crowne Ambitious Statesman iii. 35 He has nothing but his Bit to champ on.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles i. xv. 22 The war-horse..Champs till both bitt and boss are white.

1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. xiii. 302 Horses..champing at the bit.

figurative.1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xvi. 282 He that foolishly champeth vpon those griefes, which wisedome would haue be swallowed.1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ i. xi. 22 The Cittadell here,..serves as a shrew'd Curb unto her [sc. the town], which makes her often Chomp upon the Bit.

†4. transitive. To gnash (the teeth), close (the jaws) with violence and noise. Obsolete.

ΘΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (transitive)] > grate > grind or gnash (teeth)

grind1340

grunta1400

crashc1440

graislea1522

grate1555

jar1568

beat1597

champ1775

grit1797

1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 309 They [bears] gallop up a tree, champing their teeth.

1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 91 The famish'd brood, Clenched their sharp claws, and champ'd their beaks for blood.

5. To make (bullets) jagged by biting.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > produce or develop arms [verb (transitive)] > sift shot > make bullet jagged

champ1645

chaw-

1645 T. Fuller Good Thoughts in Bad Times iv. i. 194 How devillish were those men, who..first found the Champing and Impoysoning of Bullets!

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 45 When the half-famished Souldier, rather for spight then hunger, will champ a bullet.

1678 Tryals W. Ireland, T. Pickering, & J. Grove for Murder 24 Grove would have had the Bullets to be Champt for fear that..if the Bullets were Round, the Wound..might be Cured.

6. Scottish. To crash, mash, pound with a pestle or the like (potatoes, sand, etc.); to crush or trample under foot, as people or animals do.

ΚΠ

1788 [implied in: E. Picken Poems & Epist. 63 A cog o' champit kail. (at champed adj.¹)].

1805 [implied in: A. Scott On Potatoes in Poems 154 (Jam.) A wally dish o' them weel champit. (at champed adj.¹)].

1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxix, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 788 Like the red arm o' a hizzie wi' a beetle champing rumbletethumps.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. ii. viii. 80 The whole ground..of your existence champed into a mud of Sensuality.

1863 J. L. W. By-gone Days 9 The beating, or, as it was called, the ‘champin'’, of the potatoes was a work of strength.

1889 N.E.D. at Champ Mod. Sc. A potato-champer to champ potatoes. The box was champit to atoms by the crowd. The cattle champ the ground round the watering trough.

Draft additions June 2007

intransitive. figurative. to champ at (also on) the bit and variants: to be restlessly impatient or eager to do something, esp. in the face of a constraint or delay. Chiefly in present participle. Cf. sense 3.

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > excitement > excitability of temperament > impatience > be impatient [verb (intransitive)]

to think longc1300

one's fingers are all thumbs1546

bate1599

to sit upon hot cockles1607

to be upon the nettle (also in a nettle)1723

to champ at (also on) the bit1832

to chafe at the bit1873

1832 Examiner 6 May 1/1 He has kept the country champing on the bit, to raise its mettle, and make it feel its ground.

1832 Examiner 3 June 6 Petruchio's wondering spouse..is champing the bit, as it were.

1885 Newark (Ohio) Daily Advocate 1 Oct. ‘Little breeches’ has been tramping down all the tall timber in his vicinity and champing at the bit tremendously, in his impatience..to tackle Gov. Hoadley in a political discussion.

1903 Coshocton (Ohio) Daily Age 19 Apr. Dr..Marshall and..Mills are champing at the bit while waiting for their new Winton cars to arrive.

1946 Rev. Polit. 8 108 It is only necessary to reflect on the lot of European youth, morally immured in the immense prisoners' camp which the Atlantic Wall created, who champed at the bit, impuissant, excluded from all action..waiting for D-Day.

1974 J. Brennan Parker Ranch of Hawaii iv. 33 As a teen-age lad he was long-legged, raw-boned, and champing at the bit to go places and do things of significance.

2003 S. Brett Murder in Museum xiii. 103 He seemed raring to go back, didn't he, champing at the bit to finish the job?

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹c1300

n.²1604

n.³1830

n.⁴1868

adj.1759

v.1530

单词	champ
释义	† champn.¹ Etymology: < French champ in same senses < Latin campum field: compare camp n.² Obsolete. †1. A field. champ clos, champ of battle: the ground set apart and enclosed for a judicial duel, single combat, or tourney; also, a battle-field. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed encounter > battlefield > [noun] fieldeOE place?c1225 fletc1275 champ of battlec1300 champany?a1400 o laundon?a1400 palaestrac1425 battle-stead1487 fighting-stead1487 open fielda1500 spear-field1508 joining-place1513 camp1525 foughten field1569 battleground1588 Aceldama1607 champian?1611 field of honour1611 champaign1614 standing ground1662 fighting-field1676 battlefield1715 society > armed hostility > armed encounter > battlefield > [noun] > place for single combat champ closc1300 field of honour1995 c1300 K. Alis. 5553 Kyng Alisaunder his armes nam..So dude kyng Porus, saunz faile, And comen hem to chaumpe bataile. 14.. Circumcis. in Tundale's Vis. 96 In champ [c] los hardy as lyon. c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 603 Planicies, anglice Playn et etiam in panno anglice dicitur Champe. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 28 I offre my self allon ayenst .viij. the best knightes..For to fyghte in Champe cloos. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iv. ix. 250 To befight hys enemye within a clos felde which men calle champ of bataylle. 1816 M. Keating Trav. (1817) I. 161 The Moors of Spain are one of the most extraordinary nations that ever appeared..on the face of nature, or in the champ clos of politics. 2. Heraldry. The field of a shield. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > escutcheon or shield > [noun] > field of escutcheon champc1320 fieldc1405 mouldc1440 c1320 Sir Beues 973 Þe champe of gold ful wel i-diȝt Wiþ fif lables of seluer briȝt. 1430 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iii. xxii His shielde..The champe of asure wrought full craftly. 3. Tapestry. The cloth which forms the ground on which the embroidery is worked. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric for specific purpose > [noun] > for embroidery or tapestry groundc1386 champa1450 cammes1540 canvas1611 working canvas1612 Penelope canvas1851 Aida1877 a1450 Acts of Christ, MS Add. 11307 f. 97 (Halliw.) The chaumpe it was of red camelyn. 1539 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 36 Ane coit of quhite dammes with the champ of gold. 1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 320 In tirles dornik champ. 4. a. The ‘ground’ in painting. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > art of colouring > [noun] > laying on of colour > of preparatory layer > preparatory layer grounda1398 champ1573 ground-colour1614 sublition1656 dead colour1658 imprimatura1951 1573 Treat. Arte of Limming 8 If you wil make a black vesture, take and laye firste a champe of light blacke mingled [with] white Leade. b. ‘The field or ground on which carving is raised’ ( Oxf. Gloss. Arch.). 5. = camp n.² 14. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > part of town or city > [noun] > inhabited by similar people > foreigners champ1673 camp1753 1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries (1738) II. 66 They..go to work in the streets, in the next Champ if any be near. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2021). champn.² Brit. /tʃamp/, U.S. /tʃæmp/ Etymology: < champ v. 1. a. The action of champing. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > [noun] > chewing chewingc1000 chewc1200 mastication?a1425 chamming1528 chawing?1533 champing1592 champ1604 manducation1650 masticating1827 1604 Friar Bacon's Proph. in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. IV. 281 Lowre, and poute, and chafe, and champe, Brings all the household in a dampe. 1816 Ld. Byron Siege of Corinth xxii. 37 White is the foam of their champ on the bit. 1843 C. J. Lever Jack Hinton (1878) li. 328 The very monotonous champ of my horse feeding beside me. 1885 W. T. Hornady in Athenæum 5 Dec. 728/1 [The elephant] winds a soft juicy piece of it up to his mouth, and begins a measured ‘champ! champ! champ!’ b. dialect or slang. ‘Feeding’, appetite. ΚΠ 1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Champ, appetite. ‘You're off your champ to-day. What's matter wi' ye.’ 2. dialect. Anything champed or reduced to a pulp or soft mass; a trampled mire. ΚΠ 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. (at cited word) Champ, a mire; as, ‘That's a perfect champ’. 1880 W. H. Patterson Gloss. Words Antrim & Down Champ, mashed potatoes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). champn.³ Brit. /tʃamp/, U.S. /tʃæmp/ Etymology: < Hindi and Bengali champa = champak n. The timber of the champak tree ( Michelia champaca) in its varieties; also that of Magnolia (Michelia) excelsa. Also champ-wood. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > magnolia champ1830 champak1905 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 24 Magnolia excelsa has a valuable timber, called Champ. 1854 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. Brit. India (ed. 3) 262 The productions are, oaks..champ, magnolia. 1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants Champ-wood, the timber of Michelia Champaca and M. excelsa. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). champn.⁴ Brit. /tʃamp/, U.S. /tʃæmp/ Etymology: Shortened < champion n. colloquial (originally U.S.). = champion n. 4. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > champion or expert champion1721 championess1728 cock of the school1732 Tartar1785 star1811 holder1830 champ1868 scratch-man1877 scratch-player1888 back-marker1895 title holder1900 titlist1912 three-letter man1929 tiger1929 stickout1933 starlet1976 society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > [noun] > winning or win > winner conqueror1601 winnera1616 Olympionicesta1656 champion1721 championess1728 holder1830 champ1868 title holder1900 victor ludorum1901 titlist1912 1868 New Eng. Base Ballist 6 Aug. 2/4 The ‘Champs’ enjoyed themselves in various ways during the morning. 1917 C. Mathewson Second Base Sloan xix. 262 We were the champs three years running. a1935 T. E. Lawrence Mint (1955) i. xxvi. 90 She's a boxer; a proper champ. 1936 ‘P. Quentin’ Puzzle for Fools iv. 26 Had the nerve to challenge me for a tumble..me, an ex-champ! 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Jan. 38/3 U.S. Open champ Gay Brewer..had a 75 at Spyglass in the first round. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022). champadj. dialect. Firm, hard. ΚΠ 1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. II. 124 There is a remarkable strait champ Foot road, or Roman way. [Martin was a Surrey man.] 1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. Champ, firm, hard. ‘The river has a champ bottom.’ This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2018). champv. Brit. /tʃamp/, U.S. /tʃæmp/ Forms: Also 1500s chaump, 1500s–1600s champe, 1600s and 1800s dialect chomp. Etymology: Only since 16th cent. Cham (chawm , chamb ), champ , and the dialect chamble (Halliwell), appear all to belong to a primary chamb , apparently closely connected or identical with jam v.¹ (jamb), and jamble, to squeeze with violence, crush. The group is not distinctly traceable outside English: the Swedish dialect kämsa/tʃemsa/ to chew with difficulty (Rietz in Skeat), Sanskrit jambha jaw, tooth, and Greek γομϕίος grinder, molar tooth, have been compared; but links are wanting. Possibly the group is an instance of recent onomatopoeia: Wedgwood gives instances showing that cham(b), jam(b), are natural representations of the action or sound of the jaws in diverse and distant languages. An Old Norse kampa ‘to devour, used of a whiskered animal’ (Vigfusson) would not give English champ; E. Müller's suggestion of derivation < French champ field is devoid of basis. 1. transitive. To crush and chew by vigorous and noisy action of the jaws; to munch. Also with up. ΘΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (transitive)] > munch or crunch gruse?c1225 maungec1400 muncha1425 champ1530 crash1530 cham1531 chank1567 scranch1620 grouze1628 craunch1632 crump1647 denticate1799 crinch1808 crunch1814 scrunch1825 chomp1848 chump1854 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 480/2 I champe a thing small bytwene my tethe, je masche. a1555 J. Bradford Two Notable Serm. (1574) sig. Hv^v You are his birdes..he wyll broch you and eate you, chaw you and champ you. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §738 Betel is but champed in the Mouth with a little Lime. 1638 D. Featley Transubstant. Exploded 129 I Berengarius doe beleeve the body of our Lord Jesus Christ to be sensually..broken and champt by the teeth of the faithfull. 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle IV. xcix. 74 That I might be a real ass, and champ thistles on some common. 1850 R. W. Emerson Montaigne in Representative Men iv. 176 We have too little power of resistance against this ferocity which champs us up. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Specimen Transl. Iliad 21 Champing golden grain the horses stood. figurative.1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 2238/2 Although he did well vnderstand latin, yet should he vnderstand few wordes therof; the Priestes doe so champe them and chaw them.a1630 D. Hume Hist. Houses Douglas & Angus (1644) To Rdr. Clip not, nor champ not my words. 2. transitive. To bite upon (anything hard); said especially of a horse which impatiently bites the bit in its mouth. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [verb (transitive)] > champ the bit gnipc1425 champ1577 fret1835 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 115 There stamping standes the steed, and fomy bridell fyerce hee champes. 1621 F. Quarles Hadassa (1638) 95 There stands a steed, and champs his frothy steele. 1797 W. Godwin Enquirer i. xvi. 156 A well-mettled horse [will] champ the bit. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 205 The very horses champed their bits. 1838 D. Jerrold J. Pippins in Men of Char. ii Sir Scipio—speechless and champing foam. 1859 R. C. Singleton tr. Virgil Aeneid xi, in tr. Virgil Wks. II. 448 Who..had fallen In death, and with his mouth once champed the earth. 3. intransitive or absol. To make a biting and chewing action or movement with the jaws and teeth. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [verb (intransitive)] > champ or pull against bit champ1558 pull1791 1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos iv. (R.) The palfrey..on the fomy bit of gold with teeth he champes. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 68 On byt gingled he chaumpeth. 1613 J. Hayward Liues III. Normans 198 To swallow downe that morsel which had bene so unpleasant..to champe on. 1679 J. Crowne Ambitious Statesman iii. 35 He has nothing but his Bit to champ on. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles i. xv. 22 The war-horse..Champs till both bitt and boss are white. 1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond I. xiii. 302 Horses..champing at the bit. figurative.1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xvi. 282 He that foolishly champeth vpon those griefes, which wisedome would haue be swallowed.1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ i. xi. 22 The Cittadell here,..serves as a shrew'd Curb unto her [sc. the town], which makes her often Chomp upon the Bit. †4. transitive. To gnash (the teeth), close (the jaws) with violence and noise. Obsolete. ΘΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (transitive)] > grate > grind or gnash (teeth) grind1340 grunta1400 crashc1440 graislea1522 grate1555 jar1568 beat1597 champ1775 grit1797 1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 309 They [bears] gallop up a tree, champing their teeth. 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 91 The famish'd brood, Clenched their sharp claws, and champ'd their beaks for blood. 5. To make (bullets) jagged by biting. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > produce or develop arms [verb (transitive)] > sift shot > make bullet jagged champ1645 chaw- 1645 T. Fuller Good Thoughts in Bad Times iv. i. 194 How devillish were those men, who..first found the Champing and Impoysoning of Bullets! 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 45 When the half-famished Souldier, rather for spight then hunger, will champ a bullet. 1678 Tryals W. Ireland, T. Pickering, & J. Grove for Murder 24 Grove would have had the Bullets to be Champt for fear that..if the Bullets were Round, the Wound..might be Cured. 6. Scottish. To crash, mash, pound with a pestle or the like (potatoes, sand, etc.); to crush or trample under foot, as people or animals do. ΚΠ 1788 [implied in: E. Picken Poems & Epist. 63 A cog o' champit kail. (at champed adj.¹)]. 1805 [implied in: A. Scott On Potatoes in Poems 154 (Jam.) A wally dish o' them weel champit. (at champed adj.¹)]. 1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxix, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 788 Like the red arm o' a hizzie wi' a beetle champing rumbletethumps. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. ii. viii. 80 The whole ground..of your existence champed into a mud of Sensuality. 1863 J. L. W. By-gone Days 9 The beating, or, as it was called, the ‘champin'’, of the potatoes was a work of strength. 1889 N.E.D. at Champ Mod. Sc. A potato-champer to champ potatoes. The box was champit to atoms by the crowd. The cattle champ the ground round the watering trough. Draft additions June 2007 intransitive. figurative. to champ at (also on) the bit and variants: to be restlessly impatient or eager to do something, esp. in the face of a constraint or delay. Chiefly in present participle. Cf. sense 3. ΘΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > excitability of temperament > impatience > be impatient [verb (intransitive)] to think longc1300 one's fingers are all thumbs1546 bate1599 to sit upon hot cockles1607 to be upon the nettle (also in a nettle)1723 to champ at (also on) the bit1832 to chafe at the bit1873 1832 Examiner 6 May 1/1 He has kept the country champing on the bit, to raise its mettle, and make it feel its ground. 1832 Examiner 3 June 6 Petruchio's wondering spouse..is champing the bit, as it were. 1885 Newark (Ohio) Daily Advocate 1 Oct. ‘Little breeches’ has been tramping down all the tall timber in his vicinity and champing at the bit tremendously, in his impatience..to tackle Gov. Hoadley in a political discussion. 1903 Coshocton (Ohio) Daily Age 19 Apr. Dr..Marshall and..Mills are champing at the bit while waiting for their new Winton cars to arrive. 1946 Rev. Polit. 8 108 It is only necessary to reflect on the lot of European youth, morally immured in the immense prisoners' camp which the Atlantic Wall created, who champed at the bit, impuissant, excluded from all action..waiting for D-Day. 1974 J. Brennan Parker Ranch of Hawaii iv. 33 As a teen-age lad he was long-legged, raw-boned, and champing at the bit to go places and do things of significance. 2003 S. Brett Murder in Museum xiii. 103 He seemed raring to go back, didn't he, champing at the bit to finish the job? This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c1300n.²1604n.³1830n.⁴1868adj.1759v.1530
随便看	old-life old-like old-line old-looking old-lorist old-maiddom old-maidenhood old-maidenish old-maidenism old-maidenly old-maidenship old-maidery old-maidhood old-maidish old-maidishly old-maidishness old-maidism old-maidship old-maidy old-man-house old-mannish old-masterish old-masterishness old-masterly old-phrased

† champn.1

champn.2

champn.3

champn.4

champadj.

champv.

Draft additions June 2007

† champn.¹

champn.²

champn.³

champn.⁴